Kasuwar hasken wutar lantarki ta duniya ta kasance tana fuskantar sauye-sauye mai tsauri ta hanyar ɗimbin girma na haɓaka fasahar diode haske (LED).Wannan ingantaccen juyi mai haske na jiha (SSL) ya canza tushen tattalin arzikin kasuwa da yanayin masana'antu.Ba kawai nau'ikan samarwa daban-daban ne aka kunna ta hanyar fasahar SSL ba, sauyi daga fasahohin gargajiya zuwa ga LED fitilu yana canza yadda mutane suke tunani game da hasken wuta kuma.An tsara fasahohin hasken wuta na al'ada da farko don magance buƙatun gani.Tare da hasken LED, ingantacciyar haɓakar tasirin ilimin halitta na haske akan lafiyar mutane da jin daɗin rayuwa yana jawo hankali.Zuwan fasahar LED kuma ya ba da hanya don haɗuwa tsakanin hasken wuta da Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), wanda ke buɗe sabuwar duniya mai yiwuwa.Tun da farko, an sami babban rudani game da hasken LED.Babban ci gaban kasuwa da babban sha'awar mabukaci suna haifar da buƙatu mai mahimmanci don share shakku da ke tattare da fasaha da kuma sanar da jama'a fa'ida da rashin amfaninta.

Ta yayaes LEDaiki?

LED fakitin semiconductor ne wanda ya ƙunshi mutun LED (guntu) da sauran abubuwan da ke ba da tallafin injina, haɗin lantarki, sarrafa zafi, ƙa'idar gani, da jujjuya tsayin tsayi.Guntuwar LED shine ainihin na'urar junction pn da aka kirkira ta hanyar yadudduka na semiconductor.Semiconductor na fili da ake amfani da shi na gama gari shine gallium nitride (GaN) wanda ke da tazarar band ta kai tsaye yana ba da damar yuwuwar sake haɗewar radiyo fiye da semiconductor tare da tazarar band ta kai tsaye.Lokacin da pn junction ya kasance mai son kai a gaba, electrons daga rukunin gudanarwa na nau'in semiconductor Layer na nau'in n-nau'in suna motsawa ta kan iyaka zuwa cikin p-junction kuma su sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka daga valence band na p-type semiconductor Layer a cikin yanki mai aiki na diode.Haɗin ramin lantarki yana sa electrons su faɗi cikin yanayin ƙarancin kuzari kuma su saki kuzarin da ya wuce gona da iri a cikin nau'in photon (fakitin haske).Ana kiran wannan tasirin electroluminescence.Photon na iya ɗaukar radiyon lantarki na duk tsawon zango.Madaidaicin tsayin hasken da ke fitowa daga diode ana ƙaddara ta tazarar band ɗin makamashi na semiconductor.

Hasken da aka samar ta hanyar electroluminescence a cikin LED guntuyana da kunkuntar raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa tare da matsakaicin bandwidth na ƴan dubun nanometers.Fitar da kunkuntar-band yana haifar da haske mai launi ɗaya kamar ja, shuɗi ko kore.Domin samar da tushen haske mai faɗi mai faɗi, dole ne a faɗaɗa nisa na rarraba wutar lantarki (SPD) na guntu na LED.Wutar lantarki daga guntuwar LED an jujjuya wani bangare ko gaba daya ta hanyar photoluminescence a cikin phosphor.Yawancin fararen LEDs sun haɗu da gajeriyar watsawar iska daga InGaN blue chips da kuma sake fitar da tsayin tsayi mai tsayi daga phosphor.Ana tarwatsa foda na phosphor a cikin siliki, matrix epoxy ko wasu matrix na guduro.Fosfor mai ɗauke da matrix an lulluɓe shi akan guntun LED.Hakanan za'a iya samar da farin haske ta hanyar yin famfo ja, kore da shuɗi phosphor ta amfani da guntu na ultraviolet (UV) ko violet LED guntu.A wannan yanayin, farin da aka samu zai iya cimma ma'anar launi mafi girma.Amma wannan hanyar tana fama da ƙarancin inganci saboda babban motsi mai tsayi da ke cikin jujjuyawar UV ko hasken violet yana tare da babban asarar makamashi na Stokes.

AmfaninLED Lighting

Ƙirƙirar fitilun wuta sama da ɗari ɗari da suka gabata ya kawo sauyi ga hasken wucin gadi.A halin yanzu, muna shaida juyin juya halin dijital wanda SSL ya kunna.Hasken tushen Semiconductor ba wai kawai yana ba da ƙira da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba, aiki da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi, amma kuma yana ba da damar ɗimbin sabbin aikace-aikace da ƙimar ƙimar da a baya tunanin ba zai yi tasiri ba.Komawa daga girbin waɗannan fa'idodin za su yi ƙarfi sosai fiye da tsadar farashin gaba na shigar da tsarin LED, wanda har yanzu akwai shakku a kasuwa.

1. Amfanin makamashi

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura zuwa hasken LED shine ingantaccen makamashi.A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ingantattun ingantattun fakitin phosphor mai canza launin fari na LED sun karu daga 85 lm/W zuwa sama da 200 lm/W, wanda ke wakiltar wutar lantarki zuwa ingantaccen ikon juyawa (PCE) na sama da 60%, a daidaitaccen aiki na yanzu. girman 35 A/cm2.Duk da haɓakawa a cikin ingancin InGaN blue LEDs, phosphor (daidaitacce da tsayin tsayin tsayin daka ga amsawar ido na ɗan adam) da kuma kunshin (watsewar gani / sha), Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) ta ce akwai sauran ƙarin ɗakuna don PC-LED. Haɓaka inganci da ingantaccen inganci na kusan 255 lm / W yakamata ya zama mai yiwuwa don blue famfo LEDs.Ingantattun ingantattun haske babu shakka babban fa'ida ne na LEDs akan tushen hasken gargajiya - incandescent (har zuwa 20 lm / W), halogen (har zuwa 22 lm / W), mai walƙiya madaidaiciya (65-104 lm / W), ƙarancin haske (46). -87 lm/W), induction mai kyalli (70-90 lm/W), tururin mercury (60-60 lm/W), babban matsa lamba sodium (70-140 lm/W), ma'adini karfe halide (64-110 lm/ W), da yumbu karfe halide (80-120 lm/W).

2. Ingantaccen isar da gani

Bayan gagarumin ci gaba a ingantaccen tushen hasken haske, ikon cimma ingantaccen ingantaccen haske tare da hasken LED ba shi da masaniya ga masu amfani da gabaɗaya amma masu zanen hasken wuta suna so sosai.Isar da ingantaccen haske ta hanyar hasken haske zuwa ga manufa ya kasance babban kalubalen ƙira a cikin masana'antar.Fitilolin al'ada masu siffar kwan fitila suna ba da haske ta kowane bangare.Wannan yana haifar da yawancin haske mai haske da fitilar ke samarwa don kasancewa cikin tarko a cikin fitilun (misali ta masu haskakawa, masu watsawa), ko tserewa daga hasken wutar lantarki ta hanyar da ba ta da amfani ga aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya ko kuma kawai mummuna ga ido.HID luminaires kamar karfe halide da babban matsa lamba sodium gabaɗaya suna da kusan 60% zuwa 85% inganci wajen jagorantar hasken da fitilar ke samarwa daga cikin luminaire.Ba sabon abu ba ne ga fitattun fitilu da troffers waɗanda ke amfani da hasken wuta ko tushen hasken halogen don fuskantar asarar gani na 40-50%.Yanayin jagora na hasken LED yana ba da damar isar da haske mai inganci, kuma ƙaramin nau'in nau'in LEDs yana ba da damar ingantaccen tsari na kwararar haske ta amfani da ruwan tabarau na fili.Tsarin hasken wuta na LED da aka tsara da kyau zai iya isar da ingantaccen aikin gani sama da 90%.

3. Daidaitawar haske

Haskar Uniform yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake ba da fifiko a cikin ƙirar gida da waje/fitilar hasken hanya.Uniformity shine ma'auni na alaƙar haske akan yanki.Kyakkyawan haske ya kamata ya tabbatar da rarraba iri ɗaya na abin da ya faru na lumens akan wani aiki ko yanki.Matsakaicin bambance-bambancen haske da aka samu daga rashin daidaituwar haske na iya haifar da gajiya na gani, yana shafar aikin aiki har ma da gabatar da damuwa ta aminci yayin da ido yana buƙatar daidaitawa tsakanin filaye na haske.Canje-canje daga wuri mai haske zuwa ɗayan haske daban-daban zai haifar da asarar hangen nesa na tsaka-tsaki, wanda ke da babban tasirin aminci a aikace-aikacen waje inda zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ke ciki.A cikin manyan wurare na cikin gida, haskakawa iri ɗaya yana ba da gudummawa ga babban ta'aziyya na gani, yana ba da izinin sassauƙa na wuraren aiki kuma yana kawar da buƙatar ƙaurawar luminaires.Wannan na iya zama da fa'ida musamman a manyan masana'antu da wuraren kasuwanci inda farashi mai yawa da rashin jin daɗi ke shiga cikin motsin hasken wuta.Masu amfani da fitilun HID suna da haske mafi girma kai tsaye a ƙasa da luminaire fiye da wuraren da ke nesa da hasken wuta.Wannan yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa (matsakaicin max/min rabo 6:1).Masu zanen hasken wuta dole ne su kara yawan kayan aiki don tabbatar da daidaiton hasken ya dace da mafi ƙarancin ƙira.Sabanin haka, babban haske mai fitar da haske (LES) wanda aka ƙirƙira daga ɗimbin ƙananan ƙananan LEDs yana samar da rarraba haske tare da daidaitaccen daidaituwa na ƙasa da 3: 1 max / min rabo, wanda ke fassara zuwa yanayin gani mafi girma da kuma raguwa mai mahimmanci. na shigarwa akan yankin aiki.

4. Hasken jagora

Saboda tsarin fitar da su na jagora da kuma yawan juzu'i, LEDs sun dace da hasken jagora.Fitilar jagora tana maida hankalin hasken da tushen hasken ke fitarwa zuwa cikin katako mai kai tsaye wanda ke tafiya ba tare da katsewa daga fitilar zuwa wurin da aka nufa ba.Ana amfani da ƙunƙun haske na haske don ƙirƙirar matsayi mai mahimmanci ta hanyar amfani da bambanci, don yin zaɓaɓɓen fasali don fitowa daga bango, da ƙara sha'awa da sha'awa ga abu.Fitilar kai tsaye, gami da fitillun tabo da fitulun ruwa, ana amfani da su sosai a aikace-aikacen hasken lafazin don haɓaka shahara ko haskaka ɓangaren ƙira.Hakanan ana amfani da hasken kai tsaye a aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar katako mai ƙarfi don taimakawa cim ma ayyukan gani masu buƙata ko don samar da haske mai tsayi.Kayayyakin da ke yin wannan aikin sun haɗa da fitulun walƙiya,fitulun bincike, followpots,fitulun tukin abin hawa, fitilun filin wasa, da sauransu. An LED luminaire na iya tattara isasshen naushi a cikin fitowar haskensa, ko don ƙirƙirar katako mai “wuya” mai kyau don babban wasan kwaikwayo tare da COB LEDsko jefa dogon katako mai nisa daga nesa damanyan LEDs.

5. Injiniya na musamman

Fasahar LED tana ba da sabon damar sarrafa ikon rarraba wutar lantarki ta tushen haske (SPD), wanda ke nufin za'a iya keɓance nau'ikan haske don aikace-aikace daban-daban.Ikon sarrafawa na bakan yana ba da damar ƙirƙira bakan daga samfuran hasken wuta don haɗa takamaiman abubuwan gani na ɗan adam, physiological, psychologist, photoreceptor, ko ma na'urar ganowa (watau HD kamara) martani, ko haɗin irin wannan martani.Za'a iya samun ingantaccen yanayin gani ta hanyar haɓaka tsawon tsayin da ake so da cirewa ko rage ɓarna ko ɓangarori marasa amfani na bakan don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar.A cikin aikace-aikacen haske na fari, ana iya inganta SPD na LED don amincin launi da aka tsarayanayin zafin launi mai daidaitawa (CCT).Tare da Multi-tashar, Multi-emitter zane, launi samar da LED luminaire iya zama rayayye da kuma daidai sarrafawa.RGB, RGBA ko RGBW tsarin gauraya launi waɗanda ke da ikon samar da cikakken bakan haske suna ƙirƙirar yuwuwar ƙaya mara iyaka ga masu ƙira da gine-gine.Tsarukan farar fata masu ƙarfi suna amfani da LEDs Multi-CCT don samar da dumu-dumu masu ɗumi waɗanda ke kwaikwayi halayen launi na fitilun fitulu lokacin da aka dushe, ko don samar da farar haske mai daidaitawa wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa mai zaman kanta na yanayin zafin launi da ƙarfin haske.Hasken tsakiya na ɗan adambisa Tunable farin LED fasahayana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke bayan yawancin ci gaban fasahar haske na zamani.

6. Kunnawa/kashewa

LEDs suna zuwa a cikakken haske kusan nan take (a cikin lambobi ɗaya zuwa dubun nanoseconds) kuma suna da lokacin kashewa a cikin dubun nanoseconds.Sabanin haka, lokacin dumama, ko lokacin da kwan fitila ke ɗauka don isa ga cikakken haskensa, na ƙananan fitilun fitilu na iya ɗaukar tsawon mintuna 3.Fitilolin HID suna buƙatar lokacin dumi na mintuna da yawa kafin samar da haske mai amfani.Ƙuntatawa mai zafi yana da matukar damuwa fiye da farawa na farko don fitilu na halide na karfe waɗanda da zarar fasaha ta farko ta yi aiki don high bay lightingkuma babban iko ambaliyain wuraren masana'antu,filayen wasanni da fage.Kashewar wutar lantarki don kayan aiki tare da hasken halide na ƙarfe na iya yin lahani ga aminci da tsaro saboda yanayin zafi mai zafi na fitilun halide na ƙarfe yana ɗaukar har zuwa mintuna 20.Farawa nan take da ƙuntatawa mai zafi suna ba da rancen LEDs a cikin matsayi na musamman don aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa yadda ya kamata.Ba kawai aikace-aikacen hasken wuta na gabaɗaya suna amfana sosai daga ɗan gajeren lokacin amsawar LEDs ba, aikace-aikacen ƙwararrun ɗimbin yawa kuma suna samun wannan damar.Misali, fitilun LED na iya aiki tare tare da kyamarori na zirga-zirga don samar da haske mai ɗan lokaci don ɗaukar abin hawa mai motsi.LEDs suna kunna mil 140 zuwa 200 da sauri fiye da fitulun wuta.Fa'idar-lokacin amsawa yana nuna cewa fitilun birki na LED sun fi tasiri fiye da fitilu masu ƙyalli a hana haɗuwa-tasiri na baya.Wani fa'ida na LEDs a cikin sauyawa aiki shine yanayin juyawa.Sauyawa akai-akai baya shafar rayuwar LEDs.Yawancin direbobi na LED don aikace-aikacen hasken wuta na gabaɗaya ana ƙididdige su don zagayowar juyawa 50,000, kuma baƙon abu bane don manyan direbobin LED don jure 100,000, 200,000, ko ma miliyon 1.Rayuwar LED ba ta da tasiri ta hanyar hawan keke mai sauri (sauyawa mai girma).Wannan fasalin yana sa fitilun LED ɗin ya dace da hasken wuta mai ƙarfi kuma don amfani tare da sarrafa haske kamar zama ko firikwensin hasken rana.A gefe guda, yawan kunnawa / kashewa na iya rage rayuwar fitulun fitulu, HID, da fitilu masu kyalli.Waɗannan hanyoyin hasken gabaɗaya suna da ƴan dubbai na jujjuyawar zagayowar a kan ƙimar rayuwarsu.

7. Iyawar dimming

Ikon samar da fitowar haske ta hanya mai ƙarfi ta ba da rancen LEDs daidaisarrafa dimming, alhãli kuwa mai kyalli da HID fitilu ba su amsa da kyau ga dimming.Dimming fitilu masu kyalli yana buƙatar amfani da tsada, babba da hadaddun kewayawa don kula da tashin iskar gas da yanayin ƙarfin lantarki.Rage fitilun HID zai haifar da gajeriyar rayuwa da gazawar fitila.Halide karfe da fitilun sodium mai matsa lamba ba za a iya dusa su ƙasa da 50% na ƙarfin ƙima ba.Hakanan suna ba da amsa ga siginar dimming a hankali fiye da LEDs.Ana iya yin dimming LED ko dai ta hanyar raguwar yau da kullun (CCR), wanda aka fi sani da dimming analog, ko kuma ta amfani da ƙwanƙwasa bugun bugun jini (PWM) zuwa LED, AKA dimming dijital.Analog dimming yana sarrafa abin da ke gudana a halin yanzu zuwa LEDs.Wannan shine mafi yawan amfani da maganin dimming don aikace-aikacen hasken wuta na gabaɗaya, kodayake LEDs na iya yin aiki da kyau a ƙananan igiyoyin ruwa (kasa da 10%).Dimming PWM ya bambanta da aikin sake zagayowar yanayin bugun bugun bugun jini don ƙirƙirar matsakaicin ƙima a fitowar sa a kan cikakken kewayon daga 100% zuwa 0%.Dimming iko na LEDs yana ba da damar daidaita hasken wuta tare da bukatun ɗan adam, haɓaka tanadin makamashi, ba da damar haɗa launi da daidaitawar CCT, da haɓaka rayuwar LED.

8. Gudanarwa

Halin dijital na LEDs yana sauƙaƙe haɗin kai mara kyau na'urori masu auna firikwensin, na'urori masu sarrafawa, masu sarrafawa, da hanyoyin sadarwa na hanyar sadarwa zuwa tsarin hasken wuta don aiwatar da hanyoyi daban-daban na hasken haske, daga hasken wuta mai sauƙi da daidaitawa zuwa duk abin da IoT ya kawo na gaba.Matsakaicin yanayin hasken wutar lantarki na LED ya bambanta daga sauƙi mai canza launi zuwa haske mai ban mamaki yana nunawa a cikin ɗaruruwan ko dubban nodes na hasken wuta da aka sarrafa daban-daban da hadaddun fassarar abun ciki na bidiyo don nunawa akan tsarin matrix LED.Fasahar SSL ta kasance a tsakiyar babban tsarin muhalli na haɗin haske mafitawanda zai iya yin amfani da girbin hasken rana, fahimtar zama, sarrafa lokaci, haɗaɗɗen shirye-shirye, da na'urori masu haɗin yanar gizo don sarrafawa, sarrafa kansa da haɓaka fannoni daban-daban na hasken wuta.Ƙaura ikon hasken wuta zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na tushen IP yana ba da damar ƙwararrun tsarin hasken firikwensin firikwensin don yin aiki tare da wasu na'urori a cikin. IoT cibiyoyin sadarwa.Wannan yana buɗe yuwuwar ƙirƙirar sabbin ayyuka masu fa'ida, fa'idodi, ayyuka, da hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙimar tsarin hasken LED.Ana iya aiwatar da sarrafa tsarin hasken wuta na LED ta amfani da nau'ikan wayoyi da yawasadarwa mara wayaladabi, gami da ka'idojin sarrafa hasken wuta kamar 0-10V, DALI, DMX512 da DMX-RDM, ka'idojin gini na sarrafa kansa kamar BACnet, LON, KNX da EnOcean, da ka'idojin da aka tura akan fitattun gine-ginen raga (misali ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Mesh, Thread).

9. Zane sassauci

Ƙananan ƙananan LEDs yana ba da damar masu tsara kayan aiki don yin hasken haske zuwa siffofi da girma da suka dace da aikace-aikace da yawa.Wannan siffa ta zahiri tana ba masu ƙira ƙarfi da ƙarin 'yanci don bayyana falsafar ƙira ko tsara alamun alama.Sassaucin ya samo asali ne daga haɗin kai tsaye na tushen haske yana ba da dama don ƙirƙirar samfuran haske waɗanda ke ɗaukar cikakkiyar haɗuwa tsakanin tsari da aiki.LED fitilu fitiluza a iya ƙera su don ɓata iyakoki tsakanin ƙira da fasaha don aikace-aikace inda aka ba da umarni mai mahimmanci na ado.Hakanan za'a iya tsara su don tallafawa babban matakin haɗin gine-gine da haɗuwa a cikin kowane ƙirar ƙira.Hasken yanayi mai ƙarfi yana haifar da sabbin abubuwan ƙira a cikin sauran sassan kuma.Yiwuwar salo na musamman na ba masu kera motoci damar tsara fitilolin mota na musamman da fitilun wutsiya waɗanda ke ba motoci kyan gani.

10. Dorewa

LED yana fitar da haske daga toshe na semiconductor-maimakon daga kwan fitila ko bututu, kamar yadda yake a cikin gadon gado, halogen, fluorescent, da fitilun HID waɗanda ke amfani da filaments ko gas don samar da haske.Ƙaƙƙarfan na'urorin jihar gabaɗaya ana ɗora su akan allon da'irar bugu na ƙarfe (MPCCB), tare da haɗin kai yawanci ana samarwa ta hanyar siyar da kai.Babu gilashin mara ƙarfi, babu sassa masu motsi, kuma babu fashewar filament, tsarin hasken LED yana da matukar juriya ga girgiza, girgiza, da lalacewa.Ƙarfafa ƙarfin tsarin hasken wuta na LED yana da ƙididdiga bayyanannu a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri.A cikin masana'antu, akwai wuraren da fitilu ke fama da matsanancin girgiza daga manyan injina.Fitilar fitilun da aka girka tare da tituna da ramuka dole ne su jure maimaita girgizar da manyan motoci ke wucewa da sauri.Jijjiga ya zama na yau da kullun aiki ranar fitilun aikin da aka ɗora akan gine-gine, hakar ma'adinai da motocin aikin gona, injuna da kayan aiki.Fitilar masu ɗaukar nauyi kamar fitilun walƙiya da fitilun zango galibi suna fuskantar tasirin faɗuwa.Hakanan akwai aikace-aikace da yawa inda fitilun da suka karye suna ba da haɗari ga mazauna.Duk waɗannan ƙalubalen suna buƙatar maganin haske mai ƙarfi, wanda shine ainihin abin da ingantaccen hasken yanayi zai iya bayarwa.

11. Rayuwar samfur

Tsawon rayuwa ya fito waje ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin hasken LED, amma iƙirarin tsawon rai dangane da ma'aunin rayuwa na fakitin LED (tushen haske) na iya zama yaudara.Rayuwa mai amfani na fakitin LED, fitilar LED, ko fitilun LED (na'urori masu haske) galibi ana ambaton su azaman lokacin lokacin da fitowar haske mai haske ya ƙi zuwa 70% na farkon fitowar sa, ko L70.Yawanci, LEDs (fakitin LED) suna da L70 rayuwa tsakanin 30,000 da 100,000 hours (a Ta = 85 ° C).Koyaya, ma'aunin LM-80 waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don tsinkayar rayuwar L70 na fakitin LED ta amfani da hanyar TM-21 ana ɗaukar su tare da fakitin LED waɗanda ke ci gaba da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai sarrafawa (misali a cikin yanayin sarrafa zafin jiki kuma ana ba da su tare da madaidaiciyar DC. fitar da halin yanzu).Sabanin haka, tsarin LED a aikace-aikacen duniya na ainihi galibi ana ƙalubalanci shi tare da matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki, mafi girman yanayin junction, da matsanancin yanayin muhalli.Na'urorin LED na iya samun saurin kiyaye lumen ko gazawar da ba ta kai ba.Gabaɗaya,LED fitilu (fitillu, tubes)suna da L70 rayuwa tsakanin 10,000 da 25,000 hours, hadedde LED luminaires (misali high bay fitilu, titi fitilu, downlights) da rayuwa tsakanin 30,000 hours da 60,000 hours.Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya fitilu kayayyakin-incandescent (750-2,000 hours), halogen (3,000-4,000 hours), m kyalli (8,000-10,000 hours), da kuma karfe halide (7,500-25,000 hours), LED tsarin, musamman da hadedde luminaires, samar da rayuwar sabis mai tsayi sosai.Tun da hasken wuta na LED yana buƙatar kusan babu kulawa, rage farashin kulawa tare da babban tanadin makamashi daga amfani da fitilun LED a tsawon rayuwarsu suna ba da tushe don babban dawowa kan zuba jari (ROI).

12. Photobiological aminci

LEDs sune tushen haske masu aminci na hoto.Ba sa fitar da hayaƙin infrared (IR) kuma suna fitar da ƙarancin hasken ultraviolet (UV) (kasa da 5 uW/lm).Wuraren wuta, mai kyalli, da fitulun halide na ƙarfe suna canza 73%, 37%, da 17% na ikon cinyewa zuwa makamashin infrared, bi da bi.Hakanan suna fitarwa a cikin yankin UV na bakan na'urar lantarki-incandescent (70-80 uW/lm), ƙaramin kyalli (30-100 uW/lm), da halide ƙarfe (160-700 uW/lm).A babban isasshiyar ƙarfi, tushen hasken da ke fitar da hasken UV ko IR na iya haifar da haɗarin hoto ga fata da idanu.Bayyanar da hasken UV na iya haifar da cataract (girgijewar ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun) ko photokeratitis (kumburi na cornea).Canje-canje na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa manyan matakan IR na iya haifar da rauni mai zafi ga retina na ido.Bayyanar dogon lokaci zuwa manyan allurai na infrared radiation na iya haifar da cataracts na gilashin.Rashin jin daɗi na thermal da ke haifar da tsarin hasken wuta ya daɗe yana zama abin ban haushi a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya kamar yadda fitilun aikin tiyata na al'ada da fitilun ma'aikatan haƙori suna amfani da tushen hasken wuta don samar da haske tare da amincin launi.Babban ƙarfin ƙarfin da waɗannan masu haskakawa ke samarwa suna ba da babban adadin kuzarin zafi wanda zai iya sa marasa lafiya rashin jin daɗi.

Babu makawa, tattaunawarphotobiological amincisau da yawa yana mai da hankali kan haɗarin haske mai shuɗi, wanda ke nufin lalacewar photochemical na retina sakamakon fallasa hasken wuta a tsawon tsayi tsakanin 400 nm zuwa 500 nm.Kuskure na yau da kullun shine LEDs na iya zama mai yuwuwar haifar da haɗarin haske shuɗi saboda yawancin phosphor sun canza farin LEDs suna amfani da famfo LED mai shuɗi.DOE da IES sun bayyana karara cewa samfuran LED ba su da bambanci da sauran hanyoyin haske waɗanda ke da zafin launi iri ɗaya dangane da haɗarin hasken shuɗi.LEDs masu canza phosphor ba sa haifar da irin wannan haɗari ko da a ƙarƙashin tsauraran ƙa'idodin ƙima.

13. Tasirin Radiation

LEDs suna samar da makamashi mai haske kawai a cikin ɓangaren bayyane na bakan lantarki daga kusan 400 nm zuwa 700 nm.Wannan siffa ta musamman tana ba fitilun LED fa'idar aikace-aikace mai mahimmanci akan tushen haske waɗanda ke samar da makamashi mai haske a waje da bakan haske.UV da IR radiation daga tushen hasken gargajiya ba wai kawai yana haifar da haɗari na hoto ba, har ma yana haifar da lalacewa.UV radiation yana da matukar illa ga kayan halitta kamar yadda makamashin photon na radiation a cikin UV spectral band ya isa ya samar da haɗin kai kai tsaye da hanyoyin photooxidation.Sakamakon rushewa ko lalata chromophor na iya haifar da lalacewar kayan abu da canza launi.Aikace-aikacen kayan tarihi suna buƙatar duk tushen hasken da ke haifar da UV fiye da 75 uW/lm don a tace su don rage lalacewar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba.IR baya haifar da nau'in lalacewar photochemical iri ɗaya ta hanyar UV radiation amma har yanzu yana iya haifar da lalacewa.Ƙara yanayin zafi na abu na iya haifar da hanzarin ayyukan sinadarai da canje-canje na jiki.IR radiation a babban tsanani zai iya haifar da taurin saman, canza launi da fashe na zane-zane, lalacewar kayan kwalliya, bushewa daga kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, narkewar cakulan da kayan abinci, da dai sauransu.

14. Tsaron wuta da fashewa

Haɗarin wuta da bayyanuwa ba halayen tsarin hasken LED bane kamar yadda LED ke canza wutar lantarki zuwa hasken lantarki ta hanyar lantarki a cikin kunshin semiconductor.Wannan ya bambanta da fasahohin gado waɗanda ke samar da haske ta hanyar dumama filament na tungsten ko kuma ta hanyar matsakaicin gas mai ban sha'awa.Rashin gazawa ko aiki mara kyau na iya haifar da wuta ko fashewa.Fitillun halide na ƙarfe suna da haɗari musamman ga haɗarin fashewa saboda bututun quartz arc yana aiki a babban matsin lamba (520 zuwa 3,100 kPa) da zafin jiki sosai (900 zuwa 1,100 ° C).Rashin gazawar bututun da ba mai wucewa ba sakamakon ƙarshen yanayin rayuwa na fitilar, ta gazawar ballast ko kuma ta hanyar amfani da haɗe-haɗe mara kyau na fitilar ballast na iya haifar da karyewar fitilun waje na fitilar halide na ƙarfe.Guguwar ma'adini mai zafi na iya kunna abubuwa masu ƙonewa, ƙura masu ƙonewa ko fashewar gas/ tururi.

15. Sadarwar Hasken Ganuwa (VLC)

Ana iya kunnawa da kashe LEDs a mitoci da sauri fiye da yadda idon ɗan adam ke iya ganewa.Wannan ikon kunnawa/kashe mara ganuwa yana buɗe sabon aikace-aikace don samfuran haske.LiFi (Hasken Aminci) fasaha ta sami kulawa sosai a masana'antar sadarwa ta waya.Yana amfani da jerin "ON" da "KASHE" na LEDs don watsa bayanai.Idan aka kwatanta fasahar sadarwar mara waya ta yanzu ta amfani da raƙuman radiyo (misali, Wi-Fi, IrDA, da Bluetooth), LiFi yayi alƙawarin faɗin bandwidth sau dubu da saurin watsawa sosai.Ana ɗaukar LiFi azaman aikace-aikacen IoT mai ban sha'awa saboda yawan hasken wuta.Ana iya amfani da kowane hasken LED azaman wurin samun damar gani don sadarwar bayanan mara waya, matuƙar direbansa yana da ikon canza abubuwan da ke gudana zuwa sigina na dijital.

16. Hasken DC

LEDs ƙananan wutan lantarki ne, na'urori masu motsi na yanzu.Wannan yanayin yana ba da damar hasken wuta na LED don cin gajiyar grid ɗin rarraba ƙarancin wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC).Akwai haɓakar sha'awa a cikin tsarin microgrid na DC wanda zai iya aiki ko dai da kansa ko a haɗin gwiwa tare da daidaitaccen grid mai amfani.Waɗannan ƙananan grid ɗin wutar lantarki suna ba da ingantattun mu'amala tare da masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa (rana, iska, ƙwayar mai, da sauransu).Wutar DC da ake samu a cikin gida tana kawar da buƙatar canjin ƙarfin AC-DC matakin kayan aiki wanda ya haɗa da asarar makamashi mai yawa kuma shine gama gari na gazawa a cikin tsarin LED masu ƙarfin AC.Babban ingantaccen hasken LED yana haɓaka ikon cin gashin kansa na batura masu caji ko tsarin ajiyar makamashi.Kamar yadda sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa ta tushen IP ta sami ci gaba, Power over Ethernet (PoE) ya fito azaman zaɓi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi don sadar da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC akan wannan kebul ɗin da ke ba da bayanan Ethernet.Hasken LED yana da fa'idodi masu fa'ida don haɓaka ƙarfin shigarwar PoE.

17. Cold zafin jiki aiki

Fitilar LED ta yi fice a yanayin yanayin sanyi.LED yana jujjuya wutar lantarki zuwa ikon gani ta hanyar allurar electroluminescence wacce ke kunna lokacin da diode semiconductor ya kasance mai son zuciya.Wannan tsarin farawa bai dogara da yanayin zafi ba.Ƙananan zafin jiki na yanayi yana sauƙaƙe watsawar sharar da aka samar daga LEDs kuma don haka ya keɓe su daga faɗuwar zafi (raguwa a cikin ikon gani a yanayin zafi mai girma).Sabanin haka, aikin zafin sanyi babban ƙalubale ne ga fitilun fitilu.Don fara fitilar mai kyalli a cikin yanayin sanyi ana buƙatar babban ƙarfin lantarki don fara baka na lantarki.Fitilar fitilun fitilu kuma suna rasa adadi mai yawa na fitowar hasken sa a yanayin zafi ƙasa da sanyi, yayin da fitilun LED ke yin mafi kyawun su a cikin yanayin sanyi-har zuwa -50°C.Fitilar LED don haka sun dace da amfani a cikin injin daskarewa, firiji, wuraren ajiyar sanyi, da aikace-aikacen waje.

18. Tasirin muhalli

Fitilar LED tana haifar da ƙarancin tasirin muhalli fiye da tushen hasken gargajiya.Ƙananan amfani da makamashi yana fassara zuwa ƙananan hayaƙin carbon.LEDs ba su ƙunshi mercury ba don haka haifar da ƙarancin rikice-rikice na muhalli a ƙarshen rayuwa.A kwatancen, zubar da kyalli mai ɗauke da mercury da fitilun HID sun haɗa da amfani da tsauraran ka'idojin zubar da shara.