Isoko ryo kumurika ku isi ryagiye rihinduka cyane bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera rya tekinoroji (LED).Iyi mpinduramatwara ya leta ikomeye (SSL) yahinduye cyane ubukungu bwibanze bwisoko ningufu zinganda.Ntabwo uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga umusaruro bwashobojwe nubuhanga bwa SSL, inzibacyuho kuva muburyo busanzwe bugana Itara ni uguhindura cyane uburyo abantu batekereza kumuri.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji isanzwe ryateguwe cyane cyane mugukemura ibibazo bikenewe.Hamwe n'amatara ya LED, gushimangira ingaruka zibinyabuzima zumucyo kubuzima bwabantu no kumererwa neza biragenda byiyongera.Kuza kwa tekinoroji ya LED nabyo byatanze inzira yo guhuza amatara na Interineti y'ibintu (IoT), ifungura isi nshya y'ibishoboka.Kera kare, habaye urujijo rwinshi kubyerekeye itara rya LED.Iterambere ry’isoko ryinshi hamwe n’inyungu nini z’abaguzi bitera icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gukuraho gushidikanya ku ikoranabuhanga no kumenyesha abaturage ibyiza byacyo n’ibibi.

Nigutees LEDakazi?

LED ni pake ya semiconductor igizwe na LED ipfa (chip) nibindi bice bitanga ubufasha bwubukanishi, guhuza amashanyarazi, gutwara amashyuza, kugenzura optique, no guhindura imirongo yumuraba.Chip ya LED mubusanzwe igikoresho cya pn gihuza cyakozwe na doped compound compound semiconductor layers.Imvange ya semiconductor ikoreshwa mubisanzwe ni gallium nitride (GaN) ifite icyuho cya bande ituma bishoboka cyane ko imirasire ishobora kwiyongera kuruta semiconductor ifite icyuho cya bande itaziguye.Iyo ihuriro rya pn ribogamye mu cyerekezo cyerekeza imbere, electron ziva mumurongo wogutwara umurongo wa n-ubwoko bwa semiconductor zigenda zambuka umupaka zinjira muri p-ihuriro hanyuma zisubirana hamwe nu mwobo uva kumurongo wa valence ya p-ubwoko bwa semiconductor layer muri akarere ka diode.Kwiyubaka kwa electron-umwobo bituma electron zigabanuka mumbaraga zingufu kandi zikarekura ingufu zirenze muburyo bwa fotone (paki yumucyo).Ingaruka yitwa electroluminescence.Fotone irashobora gutwara imirasire ya electromagnetique yuburebure bwose.Uburebure bwumucyo nyawo uva muri diode ugenwa nu cyuho cyingufu zingufu za semiconductor.

Umucyo utangwa binyuze muri electroluminescence muri LED chipifite uburebure bwagutse bwo gukwirakwiza hamwe nubusanzwe bwagutse bwa metero icumi za nanometero.Imyuka ya bande yangiza itanga urumuri rufite ibara rimwe nkumutuku, ubururu cyangwa icyatsi.Kugirango utange urumuri rugari rwumucyo wera, ubugari bwikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi (SPD) ya chip ya LED igomba kwagurwa.Electroluminescence iva kuri chip ya LED ihindurwa igice cyangwa rwose binyuze muri Photoluminescence muri fosifore.LED nyinshi zera zihuza imyuka miremire ituruka muri InGaN chip yubururu hamwe nu mucyo wongeye gusohora urumuri rurerure ruva kuri fosifore.Ifu ya fosifore ikwirakwizwa muri silicon, matrise ya epoxy cyangwa izindi matrike.Fosifore irimo matrix yashizwe kuri chip ya LED.Itara ryera rishobora kandi kubyara kuvoma fosifori itukura, icyatsi nubururu ukoresheje ultraviolet (UV) cyangwa chip ya LED ya chip.Muri iki kibazo, umweru wavuyemo urashobora kugera kumurongo wo hejuru.Ariko ubu buryo bubabazwa nubushobozi buke kuko impinduka nini yumurambararo igira uruhare mukumanura-guhinduranya urumuri rwa UV cyangwa violet iherekejwe no gutakaza ingufu nyinshi za Stokes.

Ibyiza byaItara

Ivumburwa ryamatara yaka cyane hashize ibinyejana byinshi byahinduye itara ryakozwe.Kugeza ubu, turimo tubona impinduramatwara ya digitale ikoreshwa na SSL.Amatara ya Semiconductor ntabwo atanga gusa igishushanyo kitigeze kibaho, imikorere ninyungu zubukungu, ariko kandi itanga uburyo bwinshi bwimikorere mishya hamwe nibitekerezo byagaciro mbere yatekerezaga ko bidashoboka.Inyungu yo gusarura izi nyungu izarenza cyane igiciro cyo hejuru cyo gushyiraho sisitemu ya LED, hejuru yacyo haracyari ugushidikanya kumasoko.

1. Gukoresha ingufu

Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zo kwimuka kumuri LED nuburyo bukoreshwa neza.Mu myaka icumi ishize, efficacies za fosifori zahinduwe na paki yera ya LED yiyongereye kuva kuri 85 lm / W igera kuri 200 lm / W, ibyo bikaba byerekana amashanyarazi akoreshwa neza (PCE) hejuru ya 60%, kumikorere isanzwe ikora ubucucike bwa 35 A / cm2.N’ubwo hari byinshi byahinduwe mu mikorere ya LED yubururu bwa InGaN, fosifore (imikorere nuburebure bwumurongo uhuza amaso yumuntu) hamwe na pack (optique ikwirakwiza / kwinjiza), Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika (DOE) ivuga ko hasigaye icyumba kinini cya PC-LED kunoza imikorere hamwe na luminous efficacies zigera kuri 255 lm / W bigomba kuba bishoboka kuri pompe yubururu LED.Nta gushidikanya ko imbaraga nyinshi zifite urumuri rwiza cyane rwa LED hejuru yumucyo gakondo - urumuri (kugeza kuri 20 lm / W), halogen (kugeza kuri 22 lm / W), fluorescent umurongo (65-104 lm / W), fluorescent (46) -87 lm / W), induction fluorescent (70-90 lm / W), imyuka ya mercure (60-60 lm / W), sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi (70-140 lm / W), icyuma cya quartz halide (64-110 lm / W), hamwe nicyuma ceramic halide (80-120 lm / W).

2. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga

Usibye iterambere ryinshi mubikorwa bitanga urumuri, ubushobozi bwo kugera kumurongo mwiza wa luminaire optique hamwe n'amatara ya LED ntabwo azwi cyane kubakoresha muri rusange ariko bifuzwa cyane nabashinzwe kumurika.Gutanga neza urumuri rutangwa numucyo kurugero rwabaye ikibazo gikomeye mubishushanyo mbonera.Amatara gakondo ameze nkamatara asohora urumuri mubyerekezo byose.Ibi bitera igice kinini cyumucyo cyakozwe nigitara gifatirwa muri luminaire (urugero na ecran, diffuzeri), cyangwa guhunga luminaire mubyerekezo bidafite akamaro kubigenewe gukoreshwa cyangwa kubabaza ijisho gusa.HIS luminaire nka halide yicyuma na sodium yumuvuduko mwinshi mubisanzwe ikora hafi 60% kugeza 85% mugukoresha urumuri rutangwa nigitara kiva muri luminaire.Ntibisanzwe ko amatara yamanuwe hamwe na troffers ikoresha florescent cyangwa halogen yumucyo kugirango ibone igihombo cya optique 40-50%.Imiterere yicyerekezo cyamatara ya LED ituma itangwa ryumucyo neza, kandi ibintu bifatika bya LED bituma habaho kugenzura neza urumuri rwumucyo ukoresheje lens.Sisitemu yateguwe neza LED yamashanyarazi irashobora gutanga optique irenze 90%.

3. Kumurika

Kumurika kimwe ni kimwe mubyingenzi byihutirwa mubidukikije imbere no hanze / ibishushanyo mbonera byumuhanda.Uburinganire ni igipimo cyimibanire yumucyo hejuru yakarere.Amatara meza agomba kwemeza gukwirakwiza lumens ibyabaye hejuru yumurimo cyangwa ahantu.Itandukaniro rikabije rya luminance ryaturutse kumurika ridahuje rishobora gutera umunaniro ugaragara, bigira ingaruka kumikorere ndetse bikanagaragaza impungenge z'umutekano kuko ijisho rikeneye guhuza hagati yubuso butandukanye.Inzibacyuho ziva ahantu hakeye cyane zerekeza kumurongo umwe utandukanye cyane bizatera igihombo cyinzibacyuho yo kutabona neza, bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumutekano mubikorwa byo hanze aho urujya n'uruza rw'ibinyabiziga rurimo.Mu nyubako nini zo mu nzu, kumurika kimwe bigira uruhare muburyo bwo kubona neza, bikemerera guhinduka aho imirimo ikorera kandi bikuraho gukenera kwimura luminaire.Ibi birashobora kugirira akamaro cyane cyane inganda nini nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwo hejuru aho ibiciro byinshi nibitagenda neza mugutwara luminaire.Luminaire ikoresha amatara ya HID ifite urumuri rwinshi cyane munsi ya luminaire kuruta uturere kure ya luminaire.Ibi bivamo uburinganire bubi (ubusanzwe max / min igereranyo 6: 1).Abashushanya amatara bagomba kongera ubucucike kugirango barebe ko urumuri rumurika rwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.Ibinyuranyo, urumuri runini rusohora (LES) rwakozwe kuva murwego ruto rwa LED ntoya itanga urumuri rwo gukwirakwiza hamwe nuburinganire buri munsi ya 3: 1 max / min, bivuze ko ibintu bimeze neza kimwe numubare wagabanutse cyane. yo kwishyiriraho hejuru yumurimo.

4. Kumurika icyerekezo

Bitewe nicyerekezo cyogusohora ibyerekezo hamwe nubucucike bwinshi, LEDs ikwiranye no kumurika icyerekezo.Icyerekezo cya luminaire cyibanda kumucyo utangwa nisoko yumucyo mumurongo uyobora ugenda udahagarara kuva luminaire kugera mukarere.Imirasire yibanze yumucyo ikoreshwa mugushiraho urwego rwingenzi mugukoresha itandukaniro, gukora ibintu byatoranijwe kugirango bisohoke inyuma, no kongeramo inyungu no gukurura amarangamutima kubintu.Icyerekezo cyerekezo, harimo amatara n'amatara yumwuzure, bikoreshwa cyane mugukoresha amatara yimvugo kugirango uzamure cyangwa ugaragaze ikintu cyashushanyije.Itara ryerekezo naryo rikoreshwa mubisabwa aho hakenewe urumuri rukomeye kugirango rufashe kurangiza imirimo isaba ibintu cyangwa gutanga urumuri rurerure.Ibicuruzwa bikora iyi ntego birimo amatara,amatara,amatara yo gutwara ibinyabiziga, amatara ya stade, nibindi. COB LEDscyangwa guta urumuri rurerure kure na hamweingufu nyinshi LED.

5. Ubwubatsi bwa Spectral

Ikoranabuhanga rya LED ritanga ubushobozi bushya bwo kugenzura isoko yumucyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (SPD), bivuze ko urumuri rushobora guhuzwa nibikorwa bitandukanye.Igenzurwa rya Spectral ryemerera spekrice kuva ibicuruzwa bimurika kugirango ikoreshwe kugirango umuntu yerekane ibintu byihariye byabantu, physiologique, psychologique, Photoreceptor yibihingwa, cyangwa se na semiconductor detector (ni ukuvuga kamera ya HD) ibisubizo, cyangwa guhuza ibisubizo nkibi.Gukora neza cyane birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kwagura uburebure bwifuzwa no kuvanaho cyangwa kugabanya ibyangiritse cyangwa bitari ngombwa bya specran ya progaramu yatanzwe.Mumucyo wera wera, SPD ya LEDs irashobora gutezimbere ibara ryateganijwe kandiubushyuhe bw'amabara bufitanye isano (CCT).Hamwe nimiyoboro myinshi, igishushanyo mbonera-kinini, ibara ryakozwe na LED luminaire rirashobora gukora neza kandi neza.Sisitemu yo kuvanga amabara ya RGB, RGBA cyangwa RGBW ishoboye gutanga urumuri rwuzuye rw'urumuri rutanga amahirwe atagira ingano ashoboka kubashushanya n'abubatsi.Sisitemu yera idafite imbaraga ikoresha LED-nyinshi kugirango itange ubushyuhe bwigana ibara ryibara ryamatara yaka iyo ryijimye, cyangwa gutanga itara ryera ryera ryigenga ryigenga ryubushyuhe bwamabara nubushyuhe bwurumuri.Amatara yibanzebishingiye tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya LEDni imwe mumbaraga ziri inyuma yiterambere rya tekinoroji igezweho.

6. Kuzimya / kuzimya

LED iza kumurika byuzuye hafi ako kanya (mumibare imwe kugeza kuri nanosekondi icumi) kandi ifite igihe cyo kuzimya muri nanosekondi icumi.Ibinyuranye, igihe cyo gushyuha, cyangwa igihe itara rifata kugirango rigere ku mucyo wuzuye, ryamatara magufi ya fluorescent arashobora kumara iminota 3.Amatara ahishe bisaba igihe cyo gushyuha muminota mike mbere yo gutanga urumuri rukoreshwa.Kwishyushya bishyushye birahangayikishije cyane kuruta gutangira amatara yicyuma cya halide yahoze ari tekinoroji yingenzi yakoreshwaga amatara maremarena amashanyarazi menshiin ibikoresho by'inganda,ibibuga n'ibibuga.Umuriro w'amashanyarazi ku kigo gifite amatara ya halide arashobora guhungabanya umutekano n’umutekano kuko inzira yo guhagarika ishyushye yamatara ya halide itwara iminota 20.Ako kanya gutangira no gushyushya restrike kuguriza LED mumwanya wihariye kugirango ukore neza imirimo myinshi.Ntabwo ari rusange kumurika muri rusange byunguka cyane mugihe gito cyo gusubiza LEDs, intera nini yimikorere yihariye nayo irimo gusarura ubu bushobozi.Kurugero, amatara ya LED arashobora gukora muguhuza na kamera yumuhanda kugirango itange urumuri rimwe na rimwe rwo gufata ibinyabiziga bigenda.LEDs ihinduka kuri milisegonda 140 kugeza 200 byihuse kuruta amatara yaka.Inyungu-yigihe-yerekana ko amatara ya feri ya LED akora neza kuruta amatara yaka cyane kugirango yirinde impanuka zinyuma.Iyindi nyungu ya LED muguhindura imikorere ni ukuzenguruka.Igihe cyo kubaho cya LED ntabwo gihindurwa no guhinduranya kenshi.Ubusanzwe abashoferi ba LED kubikorwa rusange byo kumurika bishyirwa kumurongo 50.000 yo guhinduranya, kandi ntibisanzwe ko abashoferi ba LED bakora cyane kwihanganira 100.000, 200.000, cyangwa na miliyoni imwe yo guhinduranya.Ubuzima bwa LED ntabwo bugerwaho nigare ryihuta (guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi).Iyi mikorere ituma amatara ya LED akwiranye no kumurika kandi bigakoreshwa hamwe no kugenzura amatara nko gutura cyangwa kumanywa.Kurundi ruhande, guhinduranya kenshi / kuzimya bishobora kugabanya ubuzima bwamatara yaka, HID, na fluorescent.Inkomoko yumucyo muri rusange ifite ibihumbi bike gusa byo guhinduranya ubuzima bwabo.

7. Ubushobozi bwo kugabanya

Ubushobozi bwo kubyara urumuri muburyo bukomeye cyane butanga LED neza nezakugenzura, mugihe amatara ya fluorescent na HID adasubiza neza gucana.Gucana amatara ya fluorescente bisaba gukoresha umuzunguruko uhenze, munini kandi utoroshye kugirango ugumane gaze hamwe na voltage.Gucana amatara HID bizaganisha ku buzima bugufi no kunanirwa kw'itara ritaragera.Icyuma cya halide hamwe nigitutu cyinshi cya sodium yamatara ntishobora kugabanuka munsi ya 50% yingufu zapimwe.Basubiza kandi ibimenyetso byijimye bitinda cyane kuruta LED.LED dimming irashobora gukorwa haba muburyo bwo kugabanya buri gihe (CCR), izwi cyane nka analog dimming, cyangwa ukoresheje ubugari bwa pulse modulasiyo (PWM) kuri LED, AKA digital dimming.Analog dimming igenzura ibiyobora bigenda muri LED.Nibisubizo bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo gucana kumurongo rusange, nubwo LED idashobora gukora neza kumashanyarazi make (munsi ya 10%).PWM dimming itandukana ninshingano yinzira yubugari bwa pulse kugirango habeho impuzandengo yagaciro kumusaruro wayo hejuru yuzuye kuva 100% kugeza 0%.Kugenzura kugabanya LED bituma guhuza amatara hamwe nibyo abantu bakeneye, gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, kuzigama amabara no guhuza CCT, no kongera ubuzima bwa LED.

8. Kugenzura

Imiterere ya sisitemu ya LED yorohereza kwishyira hamwe Rukuruzi.Umuvuduko ukabije wamatara ya LED uratandukanye kuva ibara ryoroheje rihinduka kugeza kumucyo utoroshye werekana kumirongo amagana cyangwa ibihumbi kumuntu kugiti cye kugenzurwa no guhinduranya ibintu bya videwo kugirango yerekanwe kuri sisitemu ya matrix.SSL tekinoroji iri mumutima wibinyabuzima binini bya guhuza urumuriirashobora gukoresha imbaraga zo gusarura amanywa, kwiyumvamo umwanya, kugenzura igihe, gushyiramo porogaramu, hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano numuyoboro kugirango bigenzure, byikora kandi bitezimbere ibintu bitandukanye byumucyo.Kwimura amatara kugenzura kumurongo ushingiye kuri IP bituma sisitemu yubwenge, yuzuye sensor yumucyo gukorana nibindi bikoresho biri imbere Imiyoboro ya IoT.Ibi bifungura uburyo bwo gukora umurongo mugari wa serivisi nshya, inyungu, imikorere, ninzira yinjira byongera agaciro ka sisitemu yo kumurika LED.Igenzura rya LED yamurika rishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa ukoresheje insinga zitandukanye kandiitumanaho ridafite umugoziprotocole, harimo protocole yo kugenzura amatara nka 0-10V, DALI, DMX512 na DMX-RDM, kubaka protocole ya automatique nka BACnet, LON, KNX na EnOcean, hamwe na protocole ikoreshwa mububiko bwa mesh bugenda bukundwa cyane (urugero: ZigBee, Z-Wave, Mesh ya Bluetooth, Urudodo).

9. Shushanya ibintu byoroshye

Ingano ntoya ya LED yemerera abashushanya gukora inkomoko yumucyo mubishusho no mubunini bikwiranye na progaramu nyinshi.Ibi biranga umubiri biha abashushanya umudendezo mwinshi wo kwerekana filozofiya yabo yo gushushanya cyangwa guhimba ibiranga.Ihinduka ryaturutse ku guhuza mu buryo butaziguye amasoko yumucyo atanga amahirwe yo gukora ibicuruzwa bimurika bitwara neza neza hagati yimikorere.LED urumuriBirashobora gutegurwa kugirango uhuze imipaka hagati yubushakashatsi nubuhanzi kubisabwa aho icyerekezo cyo gushushanya cyateganijwe.Bashobora kandi gushushanywa kugirango bashyigikire urwego rwohejuru rwo guhuza imyubakire no kuvanga muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.Amatara akomeye ya leta atwara ibishushanyo mbonera no mu zindi nzego.Uburyo budasanzwe bwo gutunganya ibintu butuma abakora ibinyabiziga bakora amatara yihariye n'amatara maremare atanga imodoka nziza.

10. Kuramba

LED isohora urumuri ruva mu gice cya semiconductor - aho kuva mu kirahuri cyangwa mu kirahure, nkuko bigenda mu murage wo gutwika umurage, halogene, fluorescent, n'amatara ya HID akoresha filimi cyangwa gaze kugirango atange urumuri.Ibikoresho bikomeye bya leta byashyizwe mubisanzwe byuma byacapwe byumuzunguruko (MCPCB), hamwe nibisanzwe bitangwa nuyobora.Nta kirahure cyoroshye, nta bice byimuka, kandi nta kumenagura filime, sisitemu yo kumurika LED rero irwanya cyane ihungabana, kunyeganyega, no kwambara.Imiterere ihamye ya LED yamurika sisitemu ifite indangagaciro zigaragara mubikorwa bitandukanye.Mu ruganda, hari aho amatara ababazwa no kunyeganyega gukabije kumashini nini.Luminaire yashyizwe kumuhanda na tunel igomba kwihanganira guhindagurika kenshi biterwa nibinyabiziga biremereye byanyuze kumuvuduko mwinshi.Kunyeganyega bigizwe n'umunsi w'akazi usanzwe w'amatara y'akazi yashizwe ku bwubatsi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibinyabiziga by'ubuhinzi, imashini n'ibikoresho.Amatara yimukanwa nk'amatara n'amatara yo gukambika akenshi bigira ingaruka kumatonyanga.Hariho kandi porogaramu nyinshi aho amatara yamenetse agaragaza akaga kubayirimo.Izi mbogamizi zose zisaba igisubizo gikomeye cyo gucana, nicyo rwose itara rya leta rishobora gutanga.

11. Ubuzima bwibicuruzwa

Ubuzima burebure bugaragara nkimwe mubyiza byo kumurika LED, ariko ibyifuzo byubuzima burebure bushingiye gusa kubipimo byubuzima bwa paki ya LED (isoko yumucyo) birashobora kuyobya.Ubuzima bwingirakamaro bwa paki ya LED, itara rya LED, cyangwa LED luminaire (urumuri rwumucyo) bikunze kuvugwa nkigihe mugihe aho luminous flux yasohotse yagabanutse kugera kuri 70% yumusaruro wambere, cyangwa L70.Mubisanzwe, LED (LED yamapaki) ifite ubuzima bwa L70 hagati yamasaha 30.000 na 100.000 (kuri Ta = 85 ° C).Nyamara, ibipimo bya LM-80 bikoreshwa muguhishurira ubuzima bwa L70 ubuzima bwa paki ya LED ukoresheje uburyo bwa TM-21 bufatwa hamwe nububiko bwa LED bukora muburyo bukora neza (urugero nko mubidukikije bugenzurwa nubushyuhe kandi butangwa na DC ihoraho gutwara ikigezweho).Ibinyuranyo, sisitemu ya LED mubikorwa byisi isanzwe ikemurwa nubushyuhe bukabije bwamashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe nibidukikije bikabije.Sisitemu ya LED irashobora kwihuta kubungabunga lumen cyangwa kunanirwa imburagihe.Muri rusange,Amatara ya LED (amatara, igituba)ufite ubuzima bwa L70 hagati yamasaha 10,000 na 25.000, ihuriweho na LED luminaire (urugero: amatara maremare, amatara yo kumuhanda, amatara maremare) afite igihe cyo kubaho hagati yamasaha 30.000 namasaha 60.000.Ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa gakondo bimurika-gutwika (amasaha 750-2000), halogene (amasaha 3.000.000.000), fluorescent yuzuye (amasaha 8,000-10,000), hamwe nicyuma cya halide (amasaha 7.500-25,000), sisitemu ya LED, cyane cyane luminaire ihuriweho, tanga ubuzima burebure.Kubera ko amatara ya LED adakenera kubungabungwa, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga afatanije no kuzigama ingufu nyinshi ziva mu gukoresha amatara ya LED mubuzima bwabo bwigihe kirekire bitanga umusingi winyungu nyinshi kubushoramari (ROI).

12. Umutekano wo gufotora

LED ni isoko yumucyo itekanye.Ntabwo zitanga imyuka ya infragre (IR) kandi zisohora urumuri ruke cyane rwa ultraviolet (UV) (munsi ya 5 uW / lm).Amatara maremare, fluorescent, nicyuma cya halide ahindura 73%, 37%, na 17% byingufu zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi.Zisohora kandi mu karere ka UV k'umuriro wa electromagnetic - incandescent (70-80 uW / lm), fluorescent yuzuye (30-100 uW / lm), hamwe na halide y'icyuma (160-700 uW / lm).Ku mbaraga nyinshi zihagije, urumuri rutanga urumuri rwa UV cyangwa IR rushobora guteza ingaruka za fotobiologiya kuruhu n'amaso.Guhura n'imirasire ya UV birashobora gutera cataracte (igicu cya lens isanzwe isanzwe) cyangwa Photokeratitis (inflammation of cornea).Kumara igihe gito guhura nimirasire ya IR irashobora gutera imvune yumuriro kuri retina yijisho.Kumara igihe kinini kumurasire mwinshi wimirasire yimirasire irashobora gutera cataracte yibirahure.Ubushuhe buterwa nubushuhe buterwa na sisitemu yo kumurika kuva kera byabaye ikintu kibabaza mu nganda zita ku buzima kuko amatara asanzwe yo kubaga hamwe n’amatara y’amenyo akoresha urumuri rwinshi kugira ngo rutange urumuri rufite ubudahemuka bukabije.Umuriro mwinshi ukorwa naba luminaire utanga ingufu nyinshi zumuriro zishobora gutuma abarwayi batoroherwa cyane.

Ntabwo byanze bikunze, ikiganiro cyaumutekano wo gufotoraakenshi yibanda kumatara yubururu, bivuze kwangirika kwifoto ya retina ituruka kumirasire yumurambararo kumuraba wizuba hagati ya 400 nm na 500 nm.Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara nuko LED ishobora kuba ishobora guteza urumuri rwubururu kubera ko fosifore nyinshi zahinduye LED zera zikoresha pompe yubururu.DOE na IES basobanuye neza ko ibicuruzwa bya LED ntaho bitandukaniye nandi masoko yumucyo afite ubushyuhe bwamabara amwe kubijyanye nubururu bwubururu.LED ya fosifori ihindura ntabwo itera ingaruka nkizi nubwo hasuzumwa neza.

13. Ingaruka y'imirase

LED itanga ingufu zaka gusa mugice kigaragara cya electroniki ya magnetiki kuva kuri 400 nm kugeza 700 nm.Ibiranga ibintu bitanga amatara ya LED inyungu zingirakamaro zikoreshwa kuruta urumuri rutanga ingufu zumucyo hanze yumucyo ugaragara.Imirasire ya UV na IR ituruka kumucyo gakondo ntabwo itera ingaruka za fotobiologiya gusa, ahubwo inatera kwangirika kwibintu.Imirasire ya UV yangiza cyane ibikoresho kama kuko ingufu za fotone yimirasire yumurongo wa UV ari mwinshi bihagije kugirango habeho imiyoboro itaziguye hamwe n'inzira zifotora.Guhungabana cyangwa gusenya chromofore birashobora gutuma ibintu byangirika kandi bigahinduka ibara.Inzu ndangamurage isaba amasoko yose yumucyo atanga UV irenga 75 uW / lm kuyungurura kugirango hagabanuke ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho ibihangano.IR ntabwo itera ubwoko bumwe bwangirika bwamafoto yatewe nimirasire ya UV ariko irashobora kugira uruhare mubyangiritse.Kongera ubushyuhe bwubuso bwikintu bishobora kuvamo ibikorwa byimiti byihuse nimpinduka zumubiri.Imirasire ya IR ku bwinshi cyane irashobora gukurura ubuso bukomeye, guhindura amabara no guturika kw'ibishushanyo, kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa byo kwisiga, kumisha imboga n'imbuto, gushonga shokora na kondete, n'ibindi.

14. Umutekano wumuriro no guturika

Ibyago byumuriro no kumurika ntabwo biranga sisitemu yo kumurika LED kuko LED ihindura ingufu zamashanyarazi kumirasire ya electromagnetic binyuze muri electroluminescence mumapaki ya semiconductor.Ibi bitandukanye na tekinoroji yumurage itanga urumuri mugushyushya tungsten cyangwa gushimisha uburyo bwa gaze.Kunanirwa cyangwa imikorere idakwiye bishobora kuvamo umuriro cyangwa guturika.Amatara ya halide akunze kwibasirwa cyane no guturika kuko umuyoboro wa quartz arc ukora kumuvuduko mwinshi (520 kugeza 3,100 kPa) hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane (900 kugeza 1100 ° C).Kunanirwa kwinzira ya arc iterwa no kurangiza ubuzima bwamatara, kunanirwa kwa ballast cyangwa gukoresha itara ridahwitse-ballast rishobora gutera kumeneka kumatara yinyuma yamatara ya halide.Ibice bishyushye bya quartz birashobora gutwika ibikoresho byaka, ivumbi ryaka cyangwa imyuka iturika / imyuka.

15. Itumanaho rigaragara (VLC)

LED irashobora kuzimya no kuzimya kuri frequence yihuta kuruta ijisho ryumuntu.Ubu buryo butagaragara kuri / kuzimya ubushobozi bufungura porogaramu nshya yo kumurika ibicuruzwa.LiFi (Ubudahemuka) ikoranabuhanga ryitabiriwe cyane mu nganda zitumanaho.Ikoresha urutonde rwa "ON" na "OFF" ya LED kugirango yohereze amakuru.Ugereranije na tekinoroji ya terefone igezweho ikoresha umurongo wa radiyo (urugero, Wi-Fi, IrDA, na Bluetooth), LiFi isezeranya inshuro igihumbi umurongo mugari hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wohereza.LiFi ifatwa nkigikorwa cya IoT gishimishije kubera hose kumurika.Buri mucyo wa LED urashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu byiza byogutumanaho amakuru atagikoreshwa, mugihe cyose umushoferi wacyo ashoboye guhindura ibintu byinjira mubimenyetso bya digitale.

16. Itara rya DC

LED ni voltage nkeya, ibikoresho bigendanwa.Iyi kamere ituma amatara ya LED yifashisha amashanyarazi make yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (DC).Hariho inyungu zihuse muri sisitemu ya DC microgrid ishobora gukora haba mu bwigenge cyangwa ifatanije na gride isanzwe yingirakamaro.Imiyoboro mito mito itanga intera nziza hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu (izuba, umuyaga, selile, nibindi).Imbaraga za DC zihari zikuraho ibikenerwa kurwego rwibikoresho bya AC-DC bihindura imbaraga zirimo gutakaza ingufu nyinshi kandi ni ingingo isanzwe yo kunanirwa muri sisitemu ya LED ikoreshwa na LED.Amatara maremare LED yamurika nayo atezimbere ubwigenge bwa bateri zishishwa cyangwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.Mugihe itumanaho rya IP rishingiye ku itumanaho rigenda ryiyongera, Imbaraga hejuru ya Ethernet (PoE) yagaragaye nkimbaraga za microgrid nkeya kugirango itange ingufu nke za DC hejuru yumurongo umwe utanga amakuru ya Ethernet.Amatara ya LED afite ibyiza bigaragara kugirango akoreshe imbaraga zo kwishyiriraho PoE.

17. Ubushyuhe bukonje

LED yamurika cyane mubushuhe bukonje.LED ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi imbaraga za optique ikoresheje inshinge za electroluminescence ikora mugihe diode ya semiconductor ibogamye mumashanyarazi.Ubu buryo bwo gutangira ntabwo bushingiye ku bushyuhe.Ubushyuhe buke bw’ibidukikije bworohereza ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe bw’imyanda ikomoka kuri LED bityo ikabasonera ubushyuhe bw’umuriro (kugabanya ingufu za optique ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru).Ibinyuranye, imikorere yubukonje nikibazo gikomeye kumatara ya fluorescent.Kugirango itara rya fluorescent ritangire ahantu hakonje harakenewe voltage ndende kugirango utangire amashanyarazi.Amatara ya Fluorescent nayo atakaza umubare munini wumucyo wagenwe mubushyuhe buri munsi yubukonje, mugihe amatara ya LED akora neza mugihe gikonje - ndetse kugeza kuri -50 ° C.Amatara ya LED rero akwiriye gukoreshwa muri firigo, firigo, ububiko bukonje, hamwe nibisabwa hanze.

18. Ingaruka ku bidukikije

Amatara ya LED atanga ingaruka zidasanzwe kubidukikije kuruta amasoko gakondo.Gukoresha ingufu nke bisobanura imyuka ihumanya ikirere.LED ntizifite mercure bityo bigatera ibibazo bidukikije bidukikije nyuma yubuzima.Ugereranije, kujugunya mercure irimo fluorescent n'amatara ya HID bikubiyemo gukoresha protocole ikomeye yo guta imyanda.