Hamwe no kuzimya amatara yaka mu bihugu byinshi, gushyiraho urumuri rushya rwa LED rushingiye ku mucyo na luminaire rimwe na rimwe bitera kwibaza ibibazo ku itara rya LED.Ibi bibazo bisubiza ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kumuri LED, ibibazo kubibazo byubururu bwubururu, ikibazo kubindi bibazo bivugwa byubuzima nibibazo kumatara ya LED.

Igice cya 1: Ibibazo rusange

1. Itara rya LED ni iki?

Amatara ya LED nubuhanga bwo kumurika bushingiye kuri diode itanga urumuri.Ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha amatara ni: itara ryaka, itara rya halogene, itara rya fluorescent hamwe n’itara ryinshi risohora.Amatara ya LED afite ibyiza byinshi kurenza itara risanzwe: Itara rya LED ningufu zikoresha ingufu, zidashobora guhinduka, zishobora kugenzurwa kandi zishobora guhinduka.

2. Ubushuhe bw'amabara bufitanye isano ni ubuhe?

Ibara rifitanye isano n'ubushyuhe (CCT) ni imibare ibarwa ikomoka ku gukwirakwiza ingufu za Spectral (SPD) y'isoko ry'umucyo.Amatara muri rusange na LED amatara arahari mubushyuhe butandukanye bwamabara.Ubushyuhe bwamabara busobanurwa muri dogere Kelvin, urumuri rushyushye (umuhondo) ruri hafi 2700K, rwimuka rwera rutabogamye kuri 4000K, no gukonjesha (ubururu) rwera hafi 6500K cyangwa irenga.

3. Niyihe CCT iruta?

Nta cyiza cyangwa kibi muri CCT, gusa bitandukanye.Ibihe bitandukanye bisaba ibisubizo bijyanye nibidukikije.Abantu ku isi bafite ibyifuzo byabo bitandukanye numuco.

4. Niyihe CCT isanzwe?

Umucyo wo ku manywa ni 6500K naho urumuri rw'ukwezi ni 4000K.Byombi ni ubushyuhe bwamabara asanzwe, buriwese mugihe cyumunsi cyangwa nijoro.

5. Haba hari itandukaniro mubikorwa byingufu za CCT zitandukanye?

Itandukaniro ryimikorere yingufu hagati yubushyuhe bukonje nubushyuhe burasa ni buto, cyane ugereranije nubushobozi bugaragara bwungutse muguhindura amatara asanzwe ukajya kumurika LED.

6. Amatara ya LED atera urumuri rwinshi?

Inkomoko ntoya yumucyo ishobora kugaragara nkurumuri kuruta urumuri runini.LED luminaire hamwe na optique ikwiye yagenewe porogaramu ntabwo itera urumuri kuruta izindi luminaire.

Igice cya 2: Ibibazo kuri Light Light Hazard

7. Icyago cyumucyo ni iki?

IEC isobanura ingaruka z’ubururu n’umucyo nk '' ubushobozi bwo gukomeretsa kwa fotokimike iterwa na fotokomeque iterwa n’imishwarara ya electromagnetique ihura n’umuraba w’umuraba cyane cyane hagati ya 400 na 500 nm. 'Birazwi neza ko urumuri, rwaba rusanzwe cyangwa ibihimbano, rushobora kugira ingaruka kumaso.Iyo amaso yacu ahuye nisoko ikomeye yumucyo umwanya muremure, urumuri rwubururu rugizwe nurwego rushobora kwangiza igice cya retina.Kurebera ubwirakabiri bw'izuba igihe kirekire nta kurinda amaso ni ikibazo cyemewe.Ibi bibaho gake cyane nubwo, nkabantu bafite uburyo busanzwe bwo guhinduranya ibintu kugirango barebe kure yumucyo mwinshi kandi bizahita bibuza amaso.Ibintu byerekana umubare wibyangiritse byamafoto ya retina bishingiye kumurika ryumucyo, gukwirakwizwa kwayo hamwe nuburebure bwigihe cyerekanwe.

8. Amatara ya LED atanga urumuri rwubururu kurusha andi matara?

Amatara ya LED ntabwo atanga urumuri rwubururu kurenza ubundi bwoko bwamatara yubushyuhe bumwe.Igitekerezo cy'uko amatara ya LED asohora urwego ruteye akaga rw'urumuri rw'ubururu, ni ukutumvikana.Mugihe byatangijwe bwa mbere, ibicuruzwa byinshi LED byakunze kugira ubushyuhe bukonje bwamabara.Bamwe baribeshye bemeza ko ibi byari byubatswe biranga LED.Muri iki gihe, amatara ya LED araboneka mubushyuhe bwamabara yose, kuva cyera gishyushye kugeza akonje, kandi ni byiza gukoresha kubwintego yabigenewe.Ibicuruzwa byakozwe nabanyamuryango ba Lighting Europe byubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano byuburayi.

9. Nibihe bipimo byumutekano bikoreshwa kumirasire ituruka kumucyo muri EU?

Amabwiriza rusange yumutekano wibicuruzwa 2001/95 / EC hamwe nubuyobozi buke bwa 2014/35 / EU bisaba nkamahame yumutekano ko hamwe n’amasoko y’umucyo na luminaire nta kaga katewe n’imirasire.Mu Burayi, EN 62471 ni igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa ku matara na sisitemu y’amatara kandi bigahuzwa n’amabwiriza y’umutekano w’iburayi EN 62471, ashingiye ku gipimo mpuzamahanga cya IEC 62471, ashyira inkomoko y’umucyo mu matsinda ya Risk 0, 1, 2 na 3 ( kuva 0 = ntakibazo kinyuze kuri 3 = ibyago byinshi) kandi itanga ubwitonzi no kuburira kubakoresha niba bikenewe.Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byabaguzi biri mubyiciro byo hasi kandi birashobora gukoreshwa.

10.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushyira mu matsinda ibyago bishobora gutondekwa kuri Light Light Hazard?

Inyandiko IEC TR 62778 itanga ubuyobozi bwuburyo bwo kumenya ibyiciro byitsinda ryibyiciro byo kumurika ibicuruzwa.Iratanga kandi ubuyobozi kuburyo bwo kumenya ibyiciro byitsinda rishobora gutondekanya ibice byamatara, nka LED na modul ya LED nuburyo uburyo iryo tsinda rishobora guhura ryimurwa kubicuruzwa byanyuma.Gutuma bishoboka gusuzuma ibicuruzwa byanyuma hashingiwe ku gupima ibice byacyo bitabaye ngombwa ko hiyongeraho ibindi bipimo.

11.Ese amatara ya LED yaba akaga mubuzima bwose kubera gusaza kwa fosifore?

Ibipimo by’umutekano w’iburayi bishyira ibicuruzwa mu byiciro by’ingaruka.Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byabaguzi biri mubyiciro byo hasi.Gutondekanya mumatsinda yingaruka ntabwo bihinduka hejuru ya LIGHTINGEUROPE URUPAPURO RWA 3 RWA 5 ubuzima bwibicuruzwa.Uretse ibyo, nubwo fosifori yumuhondo itesha agaciro, ubwinshi bwurumuri rwubururu ruva mubicuruzwa LED ntabwo bizahinduka.Ntabwo byitezwe ko umubare ntarengwa wumucyo wubururu uva kuri LED uziyongera kubera kwangirika kwubuzima bwa fosifori yumuhondo.Ifoto yibinyabuzima ntishobora kwiyongera kurenza ingaruka zashyizweho mugitangira ubuzima bwibicuruzwa.

12.Ni abahe bantu bumva neza ububi bwubururu?

Ijisho ry'umwana ryumva cyane kuruta ijisho ry'umuntu mukuru.Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bimurika bikoreshwa mumazu, mubiro, mububiko no mumashuri ntibitanga urumuri rukomeye kandi rwangiza urumuri rwubururu.Ibi birashobora kuvugwa muburyo butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa, nka LED-, yegeranye cyangwa umurongo wa fluorescent- cyangwa amatara ya halogene cyangwa luminaire.Amatara ya LED ntabwo atanga urumuri rwubururu kurenza ubundi bwoko bwamatara yubushyuhe bumwe.Abantu bafite urumuri rwubururu (nka lupus) bagomba kubaza abashinzwe ubuzima kugirango babone ubuyobozi bwihariye kumuri.

13.Ese itara ry'ubururu ryose ribi kuri wewe?

Itara ry'ubururu ni ingenzi ku buzima bwacu no kumererwa neza, cyane cyane ku manywa.Ariko, ubururu bwinshi mbere yo kuryama bizagufasha kuba maso.Kubwibyo, byose ni ikibazo cyo kugira urumuri rukwiye, ahantu heza no mugihe gikwiye.

Igice cya 3: Ibibazo kubindi bibazo bivugwa byubuzima

14.Ese amatara ya LED agira ingaruka kumurongo w'abantu?

Amatara yose arashobora gushyigikira cyangwa guhungabanya injyana ya circadian yabantu, iyo ikoreshejwe neza cyangwa nabi.Ni ikibazo cyo kugira urumuri rukwiye, ahantu heza no mugihe gikwiye.

15.Ese itara rya LED ritera ibibazo byo gusinzira?

Amatara yose arashobora gushyigikira cyangwa guhungabanya injyana ya circadian yabantu, iyo ikoreshejwe neza cyangwa nabi.Ni muri urwo rwego, kugira ubururu bwinshi mbere yo kuryama, bizagufasha kuba maso.Ni ikibazo rero cyo kuringaniza urumuri hagati yukuri, ahantu heza no mugihe gikwiye.

16.Ese amatara ya LED atera umunaniro cyangwa kubabara umutwe?

Amatara ya LED ahita yitwara muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi.Ihindagurika rishobora kugira imizi myinshi itera, nkisoko yumucyo, umushoferi, dimmer, imiyoboro ihindagurika.Umucyo udashaka gusohora ibintu byitwa ibihangano byumucyo byigihe gito: flicker na stroboscopic effect.Amatara maremare ya LED ashobora gutera urwego rutemewe rwa flicker na stroboscopique bishobora noneho gutera umunaniro no kubabara umutwe nibindi bibazo byubuzima.Itara ryiza rya LED ntabwo rifite iki kibazo.

17.Ese itara rya LED ritera kanseri?

Imirasire y'izuba irimo imirasire ya UV-A na UV-B kandi hemejwe ko itara rya UV rishobora gutera izuba ndetse na kanseri y'uruhu iyo imirasire myinshi yakiriwe.Abantu birinda bambaye imyenda, bakoresheje amavuta yizuba cyangwa baguma mu gicucu.URUMURI URUPAPURO RWA 4 RWA 5 Ibipimo byumutekano nkuko byavuzwe haruguru bikubiyemo kandi imipaka yimirasire ya UV ituruka kumuri.Ibicuruzwa byakozwe nabanyamuryango ba LightingEurope byujuje ubuziranenge bwumutekano wiburayi.Ubwinshi bwamatara ya LED kumatara rusange ntabwo arimo imirasire ya UV.Hano hari ibicuruzwa bike bya LED ku isoko bifashisha UV LED nk'uburebure bwa pompe y'ibanze (bisa n'amatara ya fluorescent).Ibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa ntarengwa ntarengwa.Nta bimenyetso bya siyansi byerekana imirasire itari UV itera kanseri iyo ari yo yose.Hariho ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abakozi bahinduranya bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri bitewe nihungabana ryinjyana yabo.Amatara akoreshwa mugihe akora nijoro ntabwo arimpamvu itera ibyago byiyongera, gusa ni isano kuko abantu badashobora gukora imirimo yabo mwijima.

Igice cya 4: Ibibazo byo kumurika LED

18.Ese amatara yo kumuhanda LED ahindura ikirere cyahantu kimurika?

LED yamurika kumuhanda iraboneka mubushyuhe bwamabara yose, uhereye kumucyo wera ushyushye, kugeza kumucyo wera utabogamye numucyo wera utuje.Ukurikije kumurika ryabanje (hamwe n'amatara asanzwe) abantu barashobora kumenyera ubushyuhe bwamabara runaka bityo bakabona itandukaniro mugihe urumuri rwa LED rwubushyuhe bwamabara rwashyizweho.Urashobora kugumana ikirere gihari uhitamo CCT isa.Ikirere kirashobora kurushaho kunozwa nigishushanyo mbonera gikwiye.

19.Uwanduye ni iki?

Umwanda uhumanya ni ijambo ryagutse ryerekeza ku bibazo byinshi, byose biterwa no kudakora neza, bidashimishije, cyangwa (twavuga) gukoresha bidakenewe urumuri rwubukorikori.Ibyiciro byihariye bihumanya urumuri harimo ubwinjiracyaha bwurumuri, kumurika cyane, kumurika, urumuri rwinshi, hamwe nurumuri rwikirere.Guhumanya umucyo ningaruka zikomeye zo mumijyi.

20.Ese amatara ya LED atera umwanda mwinshi kuruta andi matara?

Gukoresha amatara ya LED ntabwo biganisha ku kwanduza urumuri rwinshi, ntabwo iyo urumuri rushyizweho neza.Ibinyuranye na byo, mugihe ushyizeho urumuri rwa LED rwateguwe neza urashobora kwizera neza kugenzura neza gutatana no kurabagirana mugihe ufite uruhare runini mukugabanya umucyo mwinshi no kwanduza urumuri.Amahitamo meza yo kumurika LED azayobora urumuri gusa aho rukenewe kandi atari mubindi byerekezo.Kugabanya amatara ya LED kumuhanda iyo traffic ari mike (mu gicuku) bikomeza kugabanya umwanda.Kubwibyo, amatara meza ya LED yamashanyarazi atera umwanda muke.

21.Ese amatara yo kumuhanda LED atera ibibazo byo gusinzira?

Ingaruka zibangamira urumuri kubitotsi biterwa cyane numucyo, igihe, nigihe cyo kumurika.Ubusanzwe amatara yo kumuhanda amurika ni 40 lux kurwego rwumuhanda.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko urumuri rusanzwe rwabantu ruterwa no kumurika LED kumuhanda ruri hasi cyane kuburyo rutagira ingaruka kumisemburo igenga imyitwarire yacu yo gusinzira.

22.Ese amatara yo kumuhanda LED atera ibibazo byo gusinzira mugihe uryamye mubyumba byawe?

Ubusanzwe amatara yo kumuhanda amurika ni 40 lux kurwego rwumuhanda.Urumuri rwamatara kumuhanda rwinjira mubyumba byawe ni bike mugihe ufunze umwenda wawe.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gufunga URUMURI URUPAPURO RWA 5 RWA 5 rwamaso ruzarushaho guhuza urumuri rugera kumaso byibuze 98%.Rero, iyo uryamye hamwe nimyenda yacu n'amaso afunze, urumuri rutangwa no kumurika kumuhanda LED ruri hasi cyane kuburyo rutagira ingaruka kumisemburo igenga imyitwarire yacu yo gusinzira.

23.Ese amatara yo kumuhanda LED atera imidugararo?

Oya. Niba byateguwe neza kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa, amatara ya LED azatanga ibyiza byayo kandi urashobora kwirinda ingaruka zitifuzwa.

24.Ese amatara ya LED yo mumihanda atera ibyago byubuzima kubanyamaguru?

Amatara yo kumuhanda LED ntago yongera ibyago byubuzima kubanyamaguru ugereranije nandi masoko.LED nubundi bwoko bwamatara kumuhanda bitera umutekano muke kubanyamaguru kuko abashoferi batwara imodoka bashobora kubona abanyamaguru mugihe kibafasha kwirinda impanuka.

25.Ese amatara yo kumuhanda LED atera ibyago byinshi bya kanseri kubanyamaguru?

Nta kigaragaza ko LED cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwose bwo kumurika kumuhanda bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi bya kanseri kubanyamaguru.Imbaraga z'umucyo abanyamaguru babona ziva mumatara asanzwe ni make kandi mubisanzwe igihe cyo kumurika nacyo ni gito.