Musika wepasi rose wekuvhenekesa wave kuita shanduko huru inotungamirwa nekukura kukuru kutorwa kwechiedza emitting diode (LED) tekinoroji.Iyi solid state lighting (SSL) shanduko yakachinja zvakanyanya hupfumi hwemusika uye masimba eindastiri.Kwete chete mafomu akasiyana ekubudirira akagoneswa neSSL tekinoroji, shanduko kubva kune yakajairwa matekinoroji kuenda. Mwenje we LED iri kushandura zvakanyanya nzira iyo vanhu vanofunga nezvemwenje zvakare.Tekinoroji dzekuvhenekesa dzakagadzirwa dzakagadzirirwa kunyanya kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvinoonekwa.Nemwenje we LED, kurudziro yakanaka yebiological mhedzisiro yechiedza pahutano hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka kuri kukwevera kutarisisa.Kuuya kweiyo LED tekinoroji zvakare yakagadzira nzira yekusangana pakati pemwenje neiyo Internet yezvinhu (IoT), iyo inovhura nyika itsva yezvinobvira.Pakutanga, pakave nekuvhiringidzika kukuru pamusoro pemwenje we LED.Kukura kwemusika wepamusoro uye kufarira kukuru kwevatengi kunogadzira kudikanwa kwekujekesa kusahadzika kwakatenderedza tekinoroji uye kuzivisa veruzhinji nezvezvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira.

Ndoita seies LEDkushanda?

An LED is semiconductor package ine LED die (chip) uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinopa mechanical support, magetsi ekubatanidza, thermal conduction, optical regulation, uye wavelength kutendeuka.Iyo LED chip ndeye pn junction mudziyo wakagadzirwa neanopesana doped komboni semiconductor layer.Iyo kompani semiconductor inowanzoshandiswa ndeye gallium nitride (GaN) iyo ine yakananga bhendi gap inobvumira mukana wepamusoro weiyo radiative recombination pane semiconductors ine indirect band gap.Kana pn junction yakarerekera kumberi, maerekitironi anobva mubhendi rekuitisa yen-type semiconductor layer anoyambuka muganhu wemup-junction uye osanganazve nemaburi kubva mubhendi revalence rep-type semiconductor layer mu nharaunda inoshanda ye diode.Iko electron-hole recombination inoita kuti maerekitironi adonhe munzvimbo ine simba shoma uye asunungure simba rakawandisa nenzira ye photons (mapakiti echiedza).Izvi zvinonzi electroluminescence.Iyo photon inogona kutakura magetsi emagetsi emagetsi eese mawavelengths.Iwo chaiwo wavelengths echiedza anoburitswa kubva diode inotarwa neiyo simba bhendi gap resemiconductor.

Chiedza chinogadzirwa kuburikidza ne electroluminescence mu LED chipine yakamanikana wavelength kugovera neyakajairwa bandwidth yemakumi mashoma ema nanometers.Narrow-band emissions inoita kuti chiedza chive neruvara rumwechete serutsvuku, bhuruu kana girini.Kuti upe yakafara spectrum chena mwenje sosi, hupamhi hweiyo spectral simba kugovera (SPD) ye LED chip inofanira kuwedzerwa.Iyo electroluminescence kubva ku LED chip inoshandurwa zvishoma kana zvachose kuburikidza ne photoluminescence mu phosphors.Mazhinji machena ma LED anosanganisa pfupi wavelength emission kubva kuInGaN bhuruu machipisi uye inoburitsa zvakare yakareba wavelength mwenje kubva kuphosphors.Iyo phosphor poda inoparadzirwa musilicon, epoxy matrix kana mamwe matrix eresin.Iyo phosphor ine matrix yakaputirwa pane iyo LED chip.Chiedza chichena chinogona zvakare kugadzirwa nekupomba tsvuku, girini uye bhuruu phosphors uchishandisa ultraviolet (UV) kana violet LED chip.Muchiitiko ichi, iyo chena inoguma inogona kuwana hukuru hwekupa ruvara.Asi nzira iyi inotambura nekushomeka kwesimba nekuti yakakura wavelength shanduko inobatanidzwa mukudzika-shanduko yeUV kana violet mwenje inoperekedzwa nekurasikirwa kwesimba kweStokes.

Zvakanakira zveLED Lighting

Kugadzirwa kwemarambi eincandescent makore anodarika zana apfuura kwakachinja magetsi ekugadzira.Parizvino, tiri kupupurira shanduko yemwenje yedhijitari inogoneswa neSSL.Semiconductor-yakavakirwa mwenje haingounzi dhizaini isati yamboitika, kuita uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi, asi zvakare inogonesa kuwanda kwezvishandiso zvitsva uye kukosha zvirevo zvaimbofungwa kuti hazvigoneke.Kudzoka kubva pakukohwa zvakanakira izvi kuchapfuura zvakanyanya mutengo wepamusoro wekuisa iyo LED sisitimu, pamusoro payo pachine kuzeza mumusika.

1. Kushanda kwesimba

Imwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zvekutamira kune mwenje we LED ndiko kugona kwesimba.Mumakore gumi apfuura, kupenya kwakajeka kwephosphor-yakashandurwa chena LED mapakeji yakawedzera kubva pa85 lm/W kusvika pamusoro pe200 lm/W, inomiririra magetsi kune optical simba rekushandura simba (PCE) inopfuura 60%, panguva yakajairwa kushanda ikozvino. density ye35 A/cm2.Kunyangwe kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kweInGaN bhuruu LEDs, phosphors (kushanda uye wavelength match kune mhinduro yeziso remunhu) uye pasuru (optical scattering / absorption), iyo US department reMagetsi (DOE) inoti kwasara imwe headroom yePC-LED. kuvandudzwa kwekuita basa uye kupenya kunoshanda kweanosvika 255 lm/W kunofanirwa kunge kuchigoneka pombi yebhuruu LEDs.Kubwinya kwepamusoro pasina mubvunzo mukana wakakura wema LED pamusoro pezviedza zvechinyakare — incandescent (kusvika 20 lm/W), halogen (kusvika 22 lm/W), linear fluorescent (65-104 lm/W), compact fluorescent (46). -87 lm/W), induction fluorescent (70-90 lm/W), mercury vapor (60-60 lm/W), high pressure sodium (70-140 lm/W), quartz metal halide (64-110 lm/ W), uye ceramic simbi halide (80-120 lm/W).

2. Optical delivery performance

Pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukushanda kwechiedza chechiedza, kugona kuwana yakakwira luminaire optical kunyatsoshanda nemwenje we LED haunyanyi kuzivikanwa kune vese vatengi asi kunodiwa zvakanyanya nevagadziri vemwenje.Kuendesa kunobudirira kwechiedza chinobudiswa nechiedza kune chinangwa chave chiri dambudziko guru rekugadzira mumhizha.Mwenje yechinyakare yakaita segirobhu inoburitsa chiedza kumativi ese.Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti kupenya kwakawanda kunogadzirwa nemwenje kuvharirwa mukati mechiedza (senge nezviratidziri, diffuser), kana kutiza kubva kuchiedza ichienda nenzira isingashande kune chinangwa chekushandisa kana kungogumbura ziso.HID luminaires dzakadai sesimbi halide uye high pressure sodium kazhinji inenge 60% kusvika 85% inoshanda pakutungamirira chiedza chinogadzirwa nerambi kunze kwechiedza.Hazvisi zvisizvo kuti malights akadzikiswa uye troffers anoshandisa fluorescent kana halogen light sources kuti awane 40-50% kurasikirwa kwemaziso.Mamiriro ekunanga kwemwenje we LED anobvumira kuburitsa kwechiedza kunobudirira, uye iyo compact fomu factor ye LED inobvumira kudzora kwakanyatsojeka kweinopenya flux uchishandisa komputa lenzi.Yakagadzirwa-yakanyatso mwenje masisitimu emwenje e LED anogona kuunza hunyanzvi hwekuona kupfuura 90%.

3. Kuvhenekera kufanana

Kuvhenekera kwakafanana ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha mukati memukati ambient uye yekunze nzvimbo / nzira yekuvhenekesa dhizaini.Uniformity chiyero chehukama hwechiedza pamusoro penzvimbo.Kuvhenekera kwakanaka kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekugovera kwakafanana kwechiitiko chelumens pamusoro penzvimbo yebasa kana nzvimbo.Kunyanya kupenya kwakasiyana kwakakonzerwa neruvheneko rusina kufanana kunogona kutungamirira mukuneta kwekuona, kukanganisa kushanda kwebasa uye kunyange kupa hanya yekuchengetedza sezvo ziso richida kuchinjika pakati penzvimbo dzekusiyanisa mwenje.Shanduko kubva munzvimbo yakavhenekerwa kuenda kune imwe yeruvheneko rwakasiyana kwazvo ichakonzera kurasikirwa kwekuchinja kwekuona acuity, iyo ine hukuru hwekuchengetedza mhedzisiro mumashandisirwo ekunze uko traffic yemotokari inobatanidzwa.Muzvivakwa zvakakura zvemukati, kuvhenekera kwakafanana kunobatsira pakunyaradza kwepamusoro, kunobvumira kuchinjika kwenzvimbo dzebasa uye kubvisa kudiwa kwekutamisa zviedza.Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kubatsira munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemaindasitiri uye dzekutengesa uko mutengo wakakura uye kusagadzikana zvinobatanidzwa mukufambisa mwenje.Magetsi anoshandisa mwenje weHID ane mwenje wepamusoro wakananga pasi pechiedza pane nzvimbo dziri kure nemwenje.Izvi zvinoguma nekusafanana kwakashata (yakajairika max/min ratio 6:1).Vagadziri vemwenje vanofanirwa kuwedzera fixture density kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti mwenje wakafanana unosangana nedikidiki dhizaini inodiwa.Kusiyana neizvi, chiedza chikuru chinobudisa chiedza (LES) chakagadzirwa kubva mumhando ye-diki-size LEDs inogadzira kugovera kwechiedza nekufanana kusingasviki 3: 1 max / min ratio, iyo inoshandura kumamiriro makuru ekuona pamwe nenhamba yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. yekuisa pamusoro penzvimbo yebasa.

4. Directional mwenje

Nekuda kwemaitiro avo ekumisikidza maitiro uye yakanyanya flux density, maLED akakodzerwa negwara kuvhenekera.Chiedza chinonangidzira chinonangidzira chiedza chinoburitswa nechiedza mugwara rakananga rinofamba risina kukanganiswa kubva pachiedza richienda kunzvimbo yakananga.Mavheneko echiedza anoshandiswa kugadzira dhairekitori rekukosha kuburikidza nekushandisa mutsauko, kuita sarudzo kuti dzibude kubva kumashure, uye kuwedzera kufarira uye kukwezva manzwiro kuchinhu.Madirectional luminaires, anosanganisira malightlights uye mafashama, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaccent lighting application kuwedzera mukurumbira kana kusimbisa chinhu chekugadzira.Directional lighting inoshandiswawo muzvishandiso panodiwa danda rakasimba kuti ribatsire kuita mabasa anodiwa ekuona kana kupa mwenje wakareba.Zvigadzirwa zvinoshandira chinangwa ichi zvinosanganisira tochi,kutsvaga magetsi, nzvimbo dzinotevera,magetsi ekutyaira motokari, marambi enhandare, etc. Chiedza che LED chinogona kurongedza zvakakwana zve punch mukubuda kwayo kwechiedza, kana kugadzira yakanyatsotsanangurwa "yakaoma" danda remutambo wepamusoro COB LEDskana kukanda danda refu kure kure narohigh simba LEDs.

5. Spectral engineering

Tekinoroji yeLED inopa hutsva hutsva hwekudzora iyo mwenje sosi's spectral simba kugovera (SPD), zvinoreva kuti kuumbwa kwechiedza kunogona kugadzirwa kune akasiyana maapplication.Spectral controllability inobvumira spectrum kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekuvhenekesa kuti zvigadziriswe kuti zvibatanidze chaiwo vanhu vanoona, physiological, psychological, chirimwa photoreceptor, kana kunyange semiconductor detector (kureva, HD kamera) mhinduro, kana musanganiswa wemhinduro dzakadaro.Kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kweavevelengths inodiwa uye kubviswa kana kuderedzwa kwezvinokuvadza kana zvisina basa zvikamu zve spectrum kune yakapihwa application.Mune chena mwenje maapplication, iyo SPD ye LEDs inogona kugadziridzwa kune yakatemerwa ruvara ruvimbiko uyecorrelated color tembiricha (CCT).Iine dhizaini yakawanda, yakawanda-emitter dhizaini, iyo ruvara inogadzirwa ne LED luminaire inogona kushingaira uye inodzoreka.RGB, RGBA kana RGBW mavara ekusanganisa masisitimu ayo anokwanisa kuburitsa yakazara spectrum yechiedza inogadzira isingaperi inonaka mukana kune vanogadzira uye vanogadzira.Dynamic chena masisitimu anoshandisa akawanda-CCT maLED kuti ape inodziya dimming inoteedzera mavara emarambi eincandescent kana yakadzimwa, kana kupa tunable mwenje chena inobvumira yakazvimirira kutonga kwezvose zviri zviviri tembiricha yemavara uye kusimba kwechiedza.Kuvheneka kwepakati pemunhumaererano ne tunable chena LED tekinorojindeimwe yezvinosimudzira kuseri kweazvino magadzirirwo etekinoroji emwenje.

6. On / off switching

Ma LED anouya pakupenya kuzere kanenge pakarepo (mune-dijiti imwe kusvika kumakumi ema nanoseconds) uye ane nguva yekudzima mumakumi ema nanoseconds.Kusiyana neizvi, nguva yekudziya, kana nguva iyo girobhu rinotora kuti risvike pakubuda kwaro kwemwenje, yemwenje yefluorescent inogona kusvika kumaminetsi matatu.Marambi eHID anoda nguva yekudziya-maminetsi akati wandei asati apa mwenje unogona kushandiswa.Kudzora kunopisa kunonyanya kunetsa pane kutanga-kutanga kwemarambi esimbi halide yaimbova tekinoroji huru yakashandiswa high bay lightinguye high power floodlightingmu zvivako zvemaindasitiri,nhandare nenhandare.Kudzima kwemagetsi kwenzvimbo ine simbi halide mwenje kunogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka uye chengetedzo nekuti kupisa kwekudzora kwemarambi esimbi halide kunotora kusvika kumaminitsi makumi maviri.Pakarepo kutanga-up uye inopisa restrike inokweretesa maLED mune yakasarudzika chinzvimbo kuita nemazvo mabasa mazhinji.Kwete chete mashandisirwo ekuvhenekesa anobatsira zvakanyanya kubva munguva pfupi yekupindura maLED, huwandu hwakasiyana hwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa huri kukohwa kugona uku.Semuyenzaniso, marambi e LED anogona kushanda mukuyananisa nemakamera emotokari kuti ape mwenje wepakati wekutora mota inofamba.Ma LED anochinja pa140 kusvika 200 milliseconds nekukurumidza kupfuura mwenje we incandescent.The reaction-time advantage inoratidza kuti LED brake lights inoshanda zvakanyanya pane incandescent mwenje pakudzivirira kumashure-impact kubondera.Imwe bhenefiti ye LED mukuchinja kushanda ndeye switching kutenderera.Hupenyu hwema LED hahuna kukanganiswa nekuchinja kazhinji.Madhiraivha e LED ekuvhenekesa kwakajairika akayerwa 50,000 switching cycles, uye hazvina kujairika kuti madhiraivha e LED ashande zvakanyanya kushingirira 100,000, 200,000, kana kunyange miriyoni imwe yekuchinja kutenderera.Upenyu hwe LED hahuna kukanganiswa nekukurumidza bhasikoro (high frequency switching).Iyi ficha inoita kuti mwenje we LED unyatso kuenderana nekuvhenekesa kwemagetsi uye kuti ushandiswe nemwenje zvinodzora sekugara kana masikati masensa.Kune rimwe divi, kudzima / kudzima nguva zhinji kunogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwema incandescent, HID, uye mwenje wefluorescent.Aya masosi emwenje anowanzo aine zviuru zvishoma zvekuchinja-chinja pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo hwakayerwa.

7. Dimming kugona

Iko kugona kuburitsa mwenje inobuda nenzira ine simba kwazvo inokweretesa ma LEDs zvakakwana kunedimming control, nepo fluorescent uye HID marambi haapindure zvakanaka pakudzima.Kudzima marambi efluorescent kunoda kushandiswa kweinodhura, hombe uye yakaoma dunhu kuitira kuchengetedza mafambiro egasi uye mamiriro emagetsi.Dimming HID mwenje inotungamira kuhupenyu hupfupi uye kutadza kwerambi nguva isati yakwana.Metal halide uye high pressure sodium mwenje haigone kudzimwa pasi pe50% yesimba rakayerwa.Ivo zvakare vanopindura kune dimming masaini zvishoma zvishoma pane maLED.Kudzima kwe LED kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuramba kuderedzwa ikozvino (CCR), iyo inozivikanwa zviri nani seanalog dimming, kana nekushandisa pulse width modulation (PWM) kune LED, AKA digital dimming.Analog dimming inodzora dhiraivha ikozvino inoyerera ichienda kune maLEDs.Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa dimming mhinduro yekuvhenekesa mwenje maapplication, kunyangwe maLED anogona kusaita zvakanaka pamhepo yakadzikira (pazasi pe10%).PWM dimming inosiyana-siyana yebasa kutenderera kwe pulse wide modulation kugadzira avhareji kukosha pakubuda kwayo pamusoro pehuwandu hwakazara kubva pa100% kusvika 0%.Dimming control ye LEDs inobvumira kuenzanisa mwenje nezvido zvevanhu, kuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza, kugonesa kusanganisa kwemavara uye CCT tuning, uye kuwedzera LED hupenyu.

8. Kudzora

Iyo yedhijitari chimiro che LEDs inofambisa isina musono kubatanidzwa kwe sensors, processors, controller, uye network interfaces mumasisitimu ekuvhenekesa ekushandisa akasiyana akangwara mwenje nzira, kubva kune ine simba mwenje uye inochinja mwenje kune chero IoT inounza inotevera.Iyo ine simba yemwenje ye LED inotangira kubva kuruvara rwuri nyore kuchinja kuenda kuchiedza chakaomesesa inoratidza mumazana kana zviuru zvega ega zvinodzoreka mwenje node uye kushandura kwakaoma kwevhidhiyo yemukati kuti ionekwe pa LED matrix masisitimu.SSL tekinoroji iri pamwoyo wehombe ecosystem ye zvakabatanidzwa zvigadziriso zvemwenjeiyo inogona kukwirisa kukohwa kwemasikati, kunzwa kwekugara, kutonga nguva, yakamisikidzwa programmability, uye netiweki-yakabatana zvishandiso kudzora, otomatiki uye kukwirisa akasiyana mativi emwenje.Kufambisa mwenje wekutonga kuenda kuIP-based network inobvumira akangwara, sensor-yakaremerwa magetsi masisitimu kuti abatane nemamwe maturusi mukati. IoT network.Izvi zvinovhura mikana yekugadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwemasevhisi matsva, mabhenefiti, mashandiro, uye mihoro inoyerera inosimudzira kukosha kweiyo LED mwenje masisitimu.Kudzora kwemwenje ye LED masisitimu inogona kuitwa uchishandisa akasiyana siyana waya uyeWireless kutauriranamapuroteni, anosanganisira mapuroteni ekudzora magetsi akadai se0-10V, DALI, DMX512 uye DMX-RDM, kuvaka otomatiki mapuroteni akadai seBACnet, LON, KNX neEnOcean, uye mapuroteni akaiswa pane ari kuwedzera mukurumbira mesh architecture (semuenzaniso ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Mesh, Thread).

9. Dhizaini kuchinjika

Iyo diki saizi ye LED inobvumira vagadziri vezvigadziriso kuti vagadzire masosi emwenje kuva maumbirwo uye saizi inokodzera akawanda maapplication.Ichi chimiro chemuviri chinopa vagadziri simba rakawanda rekutaura huzivi hwavo hwekugadzira kana kunyora mazita emhando.Iko kuchinjika kwakakonzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwakananga kwemwenje masosi kunopa mikana yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekuvhenekesa zvinotakura fusion yakakwana pakati pefomu uye basa.Zvigadzirwa zvemwenje zve LEDinogona kugadzirwa kuti isvibise miganhu pakati pedhizaini nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa uko nzvimbo yekushongedza inorairwa.Ivo vanogona zvakare kugadzirwa kuti vatsigire yakakwira mwero wekubatanidzwa kwekuvaka uye kusanganisa mune chero dhizaini kuumbwa.Solid state mwenje inotyaira maitiro matsva ekugadzira mune mamwe masekete zvakare.Zvitaera zvakasiyana zvinogoneka zvinobvumira vagadziri vemotokari kuti vagadzire maraiti emberi uye mareti eshure anopa mota chimiro chinokwezva.

10. Kugara kwenguva refu

Iyo LED inoburitsa mwenje kubva mubhuroko re semiconductor-panzvimbo kubva mugirazi girobhu kana chubhu, sezvazvakaita mune legacy incandescent, halogen, fluorescent, uye HID marambi anoshandisa filaments kana magasi kugadzira chiedza.Iyo yakasimba mamiriro emidziyo inowanzoiswa pasimbi yepakati yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi (MCPCB), ine chinongedzo chinowanzo kupihwa neanotengeswa anotungamira.Hapana girazi risina kusimba, hapana zvikamu zvinofamba, uye hapana kutsemuka kwefilament, masisitimu emwenje e LED saka anoshingirira kuvhunduka, kudedera, uye kupfeka.Iyo yakasimba mamiriro ekugara kwema LED ekuvhenekesa masisitimu ane humbowo hunooneka mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.Mukati menzvimbo yeindasitiri, mune nzvimbo umo mwenje inotambura nekuzunguzika kwakanyanya kubva kumakina akakura.Zvivheneko zvakaiswa padivi pemigwagwa uye tunnels zvinofanirwa kutsungirira kuzunguzika kwakadzokororwa kunokonzerwa nemotokari dzinorema dzinopfuura nekumhanya kwakanyanya.Vibration inogadzira iyo yakajairika zuva rekushanda remarambi ebasa akaiswa pakuvaka, mugodhi uye mota dzekurima, michina nemidziyo.Magetsi anotakurika akadai sematochi uye marambi emisasa anowanzo kukanganiswa nemadonhwe.Kune zvakare akawanda maapplication apo marambi akapwanyika anopa njodzi kune vanogaramo.Matambudziko ese aya anoda mhinduro yemwenje yakaoma, inova ndiyo chaiyo iyo yakasimba nyika mwenje inogona kupa.

11. Upenyu hwechigadzirwa

Hupenyu hurefu hunomira seimwe yemabhenefiti epamusoro ekuvhenekesa kwe LED, asi zvichemo zvehupenyu hurefu zvinoenderana nehupenyu hwese metric yeiyo LED package (yechiedza sosi) inogona kutsausa.Hupenyu hunobatsira hwepakeji ye LED, mwenje we LED, kana mwenje we LED (mwenje mwenje) unowanzo kutaurwa senzvimbo panguva iyo iyo inopenya flux kubuda kwadzikira kusvika 70% yekutanga kubuda kwayo, kana L70.Kazhinji, maLED (LED mapakeji) ane L70 hupenyu huri pakati pe30,000 ne100,000 maawa (paTa = 85 °C).Nekudaro, zviyero zveLM-80 zvinoshandiswa kufanotaura hupenyu hweL70 hwemapakeji eLED uchishandisa iyo TM-21 nzira inotorwa nemapakeji eLED achishanda achiramba ari pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akanyatso kudzora (semuenzaniso munzvimbo inodzorwa tembiricha uye inopihwa inogara DC. dhiraivha ikozvino).Kusiyana neizvi, masisitimu e LED mumashandisirwo epasirese epasirese anowanzo kupikiswa nepamusoro pemagetsi overstress, tembiricha yepamusoro yejunction, uye kuomarara kwemamiriro ekunze.Masisitimu e LED anogona kuwana kukurumidza kugadzirisa lumen kana kutadza kukasika.Kazhinji,Mwenje we LED (ma bulbs, machubhu)Iva nehupenyu hweL70 pakati pe10,000 ne25,000 maawa, ma LED luminaires akabatanidzwa (eg high bay lights, magetsi emumugwagwa, downlights) ane hupenyu huri pakati pemaawa 30,000 ne60,000 maawa.Zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvemwenje zvechinyakare — incandescent (750-2,000 maawa), halogen (3,000-4,000 maawa), compact fluorescent (8,000-10,000 maawa), uye metal halide (7,500-25,000 maawa), LED masisitimu, kunyanya iwo akabatanidzwa luminaires, kupa hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakareba.Sezvo zviedza zve LED zvinoda kusava nekugadzirisa, kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa mari pamwe chete nekuchengetedza kwesimba kwepamusoro kubva pakushandiswa kwemwenje ye LED pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo hwakareba inopa hwaro hwekudzoka kwepamusoro pakutsvaga (ROI).

12. Photobiological kuchengetedza

Ma LED ane photobiologically akachengeteka magetsi masosi.Izvo hazvibudisi infrared (IR) emission uye zvinoburitsa huwandu husingakoshi hweultraviolet (UV) mwenje (pasi pe5 uW/lm).Incandescent, fluorescent, uye simbi halide marambi anoshandura 73%, 37%, uye 17% yesimba rinoshandiswa kuita infrared simba, zvichiteerana.Ivo zvakare vanoburitsa munzvimbo yeUV yemagetsi emagetsi-incandescent (70-80 uW/lm), compact fluorescent (30-100 uW/lm), uye simbi halide (160-700 uW/lm).Pakukwirira kwakaringana, masosi emwenje anoburitsa UV kana IR mwenje anogona kuunza njodzi yefotobiological paganda nemeso.Kusangana nemwaranzi yeUV kunogona kukonzera cataract (clouding of the commonly clear lens) kana photokeratitis (kuzvimba kwecornea).Yenguva pfupi kuratidzwa kune yakakwira IR mwaranzi inogona kukonzera kupisa kwekukuvara kune retina yeziso.Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune yakanyanya kuwanda kwemwaranzi ye infrared kunogona kukonzera cataract ye glassblower.Thermal kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa ne incandescent lighting system yagara ichinetsa muindasitiri yezvehutano sezvo mwenje webasa rekuvhiya wakajairwa uye mazino emagetsi magetsi anoshandisa incandescent light sources kugadzira mwenje neruvimbiko rwemhando yepamusoro.Iyo yakakwirira intensity danda inogadzirwa neaya luminaires inopa huwandu hukuru hwesimba rekupisa iro rinogona kuita kuti varwere vasanyanya kugadzikana.

Nenzira isingadzivisiki, nhaurirano yephotobiological kuchengetedzakazhinji inotarisisa njodzi yechiedza cheblue, iyo inoreva kukuvadzwa kwemafotokemikemu retina kunokonzerwa nekuratidzwa nemwaranzi pawavelengths zvakanyanya pakati pe400 nm ne500 nm.Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekuti ma LED anogona kunge achinyanya kukonzera njodzi yechiedza chebhuruu nekuti akawanda phosphor anoshandurwa machena ma LED anoshandisa pombi yebhuruu ye LED.DOE neIES vakajekesa kuti zvigadzirwa zve LED hazvisi zvakasiyana kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechiedza dzine tembiricha yemavara akafanana nekuremekedza njodzi yechiedza chebhuruu.Phosphor yakashandurwa ma LED haaisi njodzi yakadaro kunyangwe pasi pemaitiro ekuongorora.

13. Radiation effect

Ma LED anogadzira simba rinopenya chete mukati mechikamu chinooneka chemagetsi emagetsi kubva pa400 nm kusvika 700 nm.Iyi spectral hunhu inopa mwenje we LED mukana wakakosha wekushandisa pane zviedza zvinoburitsa simba rinopenya kunze kwechiedza chinooneka.UV uye IR mwaranzi kubva kumagetsi echinyakare masosi haingokonzereki njodzi yefotobiological, asi zvakare inotungamira mukuparara kwezvinhu.Mwaranzi yeUV inokuvadza zvakanyanya kune organic zvinhu sezvo photon simba remwaranzi muUV spectral bhendi rakakwirira zvakakwana kuburitsa yakananga bond scission uye photooxidation nzira.Izvo zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kana kuparadzwa kwechromophor kunogona kutungamirira mukuderera kwezvinhu uye kushanduka.Zvishandiso zvemumuseum zvinoda zvese zviedza zvinoburitsa UV inodarika makumi manomwe neshanu uW/lm kusefa kuitira kuderedza kukuvadzwa kusingadzoreki kumifananidzo.IR haikonzeri mhando imwechete yekukuvara kwepikicha yakakonzerwa nemwaranzi yeUV asi inogona kuramba ichikonzera kukuvara.Kuwedzera kupisa kwepamusoro pechinhu kunogona kukonzera kukurumidza kuita kemikari uye kuchinja kwemuviri.IR radiation pakusimba kwakanyanya inogona kukonzeresa kuoma kwepasi, kushanduka uye kuputika kwependi, kuparara kwezvigadzirwa zvekuzora, kuoma kwemiriwo nemichero, kunyunguduka kwechokoreti uye confectionery, nezvimwe.

14. Kuchengetedzwa kwemoto uye kuputika

Njodzi dzemoto uye dzekuratidzwa hausi hunhu hwemwenje we LED masisitimu se LED inoshandura simba remagetsi kumagetsi emagetsi kuburikidza ne electroluminescence mukati me semiconductor package.Izvi zvakasiyana nematekinoroji enhaka anoburitsa mwenje nekudziya tungsten filaments kana nekunakidza gasi svikiro.Kukundikana kana kushanda kusina kunaka kunogona kukonzera moto kana kuputika.Metal halide marambi anonyanya kutarisana nenjodzi yekuputika nekuti iyo quartz arc chubhu inoshanda pakumanikidza kwakanyanya (520 kusvika 3,100 kPa) uye yakanyanya tembiricha (900 kusvika 1,100 ° C).Non-passive arc tube kukundikana kunokonzerwa nekuguma kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemwenje, nekukundikana kwe ballast kana nekushandiswa kwemusanganiswa werambi-ballast usina kukodzera kunogona kukonzera kuparara kwekunze kwekunze kwesimbi halide rambi.Zvimedu zvinopisa zvequartz zvinogona kubatidza zvinhu zvinopfuta, guruva rinopisa kana magasi anoputika / mhute.

15. Kuonekwa kwechiedza kutaurirana (VLC)

Ma LED anogona kubatidzwa nekudzimwa pane frequency nekukurumidza kupfuura izvo ziso remunhu rinogona kuona.Izvi zvisingaonekwe pa / kudzima switching kugona inovhura iyo nyowani application yekuvhenekesa zvigadzirwa.LiFi (Chiedza Kuvimbika) tekinoroji yakawana kutariswa kwakanyanya muindasitiri yekutaurirana isina waya.Iyo inosimudzira iyo "ON" uye "OFF" kutevedzana kwe LEDs kutumira data.Kuenzanisa yazvino isina waya yekutaurirana matekinoroji uchishandisa masaisai eredhiyo (semuenzaniso, Wi-Fi, IrDA, uye Bluetooth), LiFi inovimbisa chiuru chakapetwa kaviri bandwidth uye yakanyanya kukurumidza kutapurirana.LiFi inoonekwa seinokwezva IoT application nekuda kweubiquitousness yemwenje.Chiedza che LED chega chega chinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuwana yemahara yekutaurirana isina waya, chero mutyairi wayo achikwanisa kushandura kutenderera kwemukati kuita masaini edhijitari.

16. DC chiedza

Ma LED ari low voltage, ano-driven devices.Ichi chimiro chinobvumira mwenje we LED kutora mukana weyakaderera voltage yakananga ikozvino (DC) yekugovera grids.Kune kukurumidza kufarira muDC microgrid masisitimu ayo anogona kushanda akazvimirira kana akabatana neyakajairwa utility grid.Aya madiki-madiki emagetsi magidhi anopa akagadziridzwa machinjiro ane renewable simba jenareta (solar, mhepo, fuel cell, nezvimwewo).Simba reDC rinowanikwa munharaunda rinobvisa kudiwa kwechigadzirwa-level AC-DC kushandura magetsi kunosanganisira kurasikirwa kwakawanda kwesimba uye inzvimbo yakajairika yekutadza muAC powered LED masisitimu.Kuvhenekera kwe LED kwakakwirira kunovandudza kuzvimiririra kwemabhatiri anochajiswa kana masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba.Sezvo IP-yakavakirwa netiweki kutaurirana kunowedzera, Simba pamusoro peEthernet (PoE) yakabuda seyakaderera-simba microgrid sarudzo yekuendesa yakaderera voltage DC simba pamusoro petambo imwechete inoburitsa data reEthernet.Mwenje ye LED ine mabhenefiti akajeka ekukwidziridza masimba ekuiswa kwePoE.

17. Kutonhora kwekushisa kushanda

Mwenje we LED unokunda munzvimbo dzinotonhora dzekushisa.I LED inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba rekuona kuburikidza nejekiseni electroluminescence iyo inoshandiswa kana semiconductor diode yakarerekera kune magetsi.Iyi yekutanga-up process haina kutsamira tembiricha.Tembiricha yakadzikira inofambisa kupera kwetsvina inopisa inogadzirwa kubva ku LED uye nekudaro inovabvisa kubva mukupisa droop (kuderedzwa kwemagetsi optical patembiricha yakakwira).Kusiyana neizvi, kutonhora kwekushisa kushanda idambudziko guru kune mwenje wefluorescent.Kuti mwenje wefluorescent utange munzvimbo inotonhora inodiwa yakakwira voltage kuti utange arc yemagetsi.Marambi eFluorescent zvakare anorasikirwa nehuwandu hwawo akayerwa kubuda kwechiedza pazasi-inotonhora tembiricha, nepo mwenje we LED unoshanda nepaanogona napo munzvimbo dzinotonhora — kunyangwe kudzika kusvika -50 ° C.Mwenje dze LED saka dzakakodzera kushandiswa mumafiriza, mafiriji, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinotonhora, uye maapplication ekunze.

18. Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Mwenje dze LED dzinoburitsa zvakanyanya kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza pane zvechinyakare mwenje masosi.Kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa kunoshandura kune yakaderera kabhoni emissions.Ma LED haana mercury uye nekudaro anogadzira mashoma ezvakatipoteredza matambudziko pamagumo ehupenyu.Mukuenzanisa, kuraswa kwemercury-ine fluorescent uye mwenje weHID kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaitiro akaomarara emarara.