Intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 yachongwa okokuqala e-China ngoDisemba ka-2019, nangona ubungakanani bengxaki babonakala kuphela ngeHolide yoNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina ekupheleni kukaJanuwari.Ukusukela ngoko umhlaba ububukele ngokukhathazeka okukhulayo njengoko intsholongwane isasazeka.Kutshanje, ugqaliselo lwengqwalasela luye lwasuka e-China kwaye kukho inkxalabo eyandayo malunga nobungakanani bosulelo eYurophu, e-United States nakwiindawo zoMbindi Mpuma.

Kubekho, nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezikhuthazayo ezivela e-China njengoko inani lamatyala amatsha liye lehla kakhulu kangangokuba abasemagunyeni bavule iindawo ezinkulu zephondo lase-Hubei esele ziphantsi kokuvalwa kwaye baceba ukuvula isixeko ubukhulu becala. eWuhan nge-8 ka-Epreli.Iinkokeli zoshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe ziyaqaphela ukuba i-China ikwinqanaba elahlukileyo kumjikelo wobhubhane we-COVID-19 xa kuthelekiswa noqoqosho oluninzi olukhulu.Oku kubonakaliswe mva nje koku kulandelayo:

• Ngomhla we-19 kaMatshi yayilusuku lokuqala ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka le ngxaki apho i-China yaxela ukuba akukho sulelo lutsha, ngaphandle kwamatyala abandakanya abantu abafika bevela kwizixeko ezingaphandle kwe-PRC kwaye nangona zisaqhubeka ukubakho iimeko zosulelo ezixeliweyo, amanani ahlala ephantsi.
• I-Apple yabhengeza nge-13 kaMatshi ukuba ivala zonke iivenkile zayo kwihlabathi liphela okwethutyana ngaphandle kwezo zise China enkulu - oku kwalandelwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva ngumenzi wento yokudlala i-LEGO ngokufanayo ebhengeza ukuba baya kuvala zonke iivenkile zayo kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kwezo zisePRC.
• IDisney ivale iipaki zayo zomxholo eUnited States naseYurophu kodwa ngokuyinxenye ivula ipaki yayo eShanghai njengenxalenye “ukuvulwa kwakhona ngezigaba.”

Ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi, i-WHO yahlola inkqubela-phambili e-China kubandakanya e-Wuhan kunye noGqr. Gauden Galea, ummeli wayo apho, uthe i-COVID-19 "ngubhubhani oye wanqunyulwa njengoko wawukhula kwaye wema kumkhondo wawo.Oku kucace gca kwidatha esinayo kunye nemigqaliselo esinokuyibona kuluntu ngokubanzi (iiNdaba ze-UN ezicatshulwe ngoMgqibelo we-14 kuMatshi) ”.

Oosomashishini kwihlabathi liphela bazi kakuhle ukuba ulawulo lwentsholongwane ye-COVID-19 luntsonkothile.Iindawo ezininzi ezihambayo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kucwangciswa impembelelo enokwenzeka kunye namathuba anokubakho okunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ngokusasazeka kwayo.Ngenxa yophuhliso lwakutsha nje eTshayina, uninzi lwamashishini (ingakumbi abo banomdla eTshayina) bafuna ukufunda ngakumbi ngamava eTshayina.

Ngokucacileyo akuyiyo yonke imilinganiselo eyamkelwe yi-China eya kufaneleka kwamanye amazwe kwaye iimeko kunye nezinto ezininzi ziya kuchaphazela indlela ekhethiweyo.Oku kulandelayo kuchaza amanye amanyathelo athatyathiweyo kwi-PRC.

Impendulo engxamisekileyoUmthetho

• I-China yaseka isiganeko esiphuthumayo inkqubo yokulumkisa kwangaphambili phantsi koMthetho we-PRC wokuPhendula ngoNgxamiseko, ovumela oorhulumente basekhaya ukuba bakhuphe izilumkiso ezingxamisekileyo kuquka ukukhutshwa kwezikhokelo ezijoliswe kuzo kunye nemiyalelo.

• Bonke oorhulumente bamaphondo bakhuphe iimpendulo zeNqanaba loku-1 ekupheleni kukaJanuwari (inqanaba lokuqala lelona liphezulu kumanqanaba amane kaxakeka akhoyo), nto leyo eyabonelela ngezizathu ezisemthethweni zokuba bathathe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo afana nokuvalwa, okanye uthintelo lokusetyenziswa kweendawo ekunokwenzeka ukuba ukuchatshazelwa yintlekele ye-COVID-19 (kuquka ukuvalwa kweendawo zokutyela okanye iimfuno ezithi loo mashishini abonelele ngohambiso okanye ngenkonzo yokuthatha izinto kuphela);ukulawula okanye ukunciphisa imisebenzi enokubangela ukwanda ngakumbi kwentsholongwane (ukuvalwa kweendawo zokuzilolonga kunye nokurhoxiswa kweentlanganiso ezinkulu kunye neenkomfa);ukuyalela amaqela ohlangulo olungxamisekileyo kunye nabasebenzi ukuba babekhona kwaye banike izibonelelo kunye nezixhobo.
• Izixeko ezinjengeShanghai kunye neBeijing zikwakhuphe isikhokelo malunga nokuphinda kuqaliswe ishishini ziiofisi neefektri.Umzekelo, iBeijing iyaqhubeka nokufuna ukusebenza kude, ukulawulwa kokuxinana kwabantu emsebenzini kunye nezithintelo zokusetyenziswa kweelifti kunye nezinyusi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi mfuno ziye zaphononongwa rhoqo, kwaye zomelezwa xa zifuneka kodwa kwakhona zayehliswa ngokuthe ngcembe apho ukuphuculwa kweemeko kuvunyelweyo.IBeijing kunye neShanghai bobabini babone iivenkile ezininzi, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye neeresityu ziphinda zivulwa kwaye eShanghai nakwezinye izixeko, iindawo zokuzonwabisa kunye nezolonwabo ziphinde zavulwa, nangona zonke ziphantsi kwemithetho yokuncitshiswa kwentlalo, efana nezithintelo kumanani abakhenkethi abavunyelweyo kwiimyuziyam.

Ukuvala ishishini kunye noShishino

Abasemagunyeni baseTshayina bavala i-Wuhan nge-23 kaJanuwari kwaye phantse zonke ezinye izixeko kwiPhondo laseHubei.Ngexesha elilandela uNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, ba:

• Yandiswa iHolide yoNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina kwilizwe liphela de kube nge-2 kaFebruwari, nakwizixeko ezithile, kubandakanya iShanghai, ngokusebenzayo kude kube nge-9 kaFebruwari, ukuthintela abantu ukuba babuyele kwizixeko ezikhulu ngeebhasi ezixineneyo, oololiwe kunye neenqwelomoya.Oku mhlawumbi inyathelo kuphuhlisoukubekelwa bucala kuluntu.
• Abasemagunyeni baseTshayina bakhawuleza babeka iimfuno malunga namalungiselelo okubuyela emsebenzini, bekhuthaza abantu ukuba basebenze bekude kwaye bacele abantu ukuba bazimele bodwa kangangeentsuku ezili-14 (oku kwakunyanzelekile eShanghai kodwa, ekuqaleni, kuphela isindululo eBeijing ngaphandle kwakhe nabani na wayeye kwiPhondo laseHubei).
• Uluhlu lweendawo zikawonke-wonke ezibandakanya iimyuziyam kunye namashishini olonwabo awohlukeneyo afana nemiboniso bhanyabhanya, iindawo zokuzonwabisa zavalwa ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ekuqaleni kweholide, nangona ezinye ziye zavunyelwa ukuba ziphinde zivulwe njengoko iimeko ziphucukile.
• Abantu bekufuneka banxibe imaski kuzo zonke iindawo zikawonke-wonke kubandakanya oololiwe abaphantsi komhlaba, kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya, kwiivenkile ezinkulu nakwizakhiwo zeeofisi.

Izithintelo kwiNtshukumo

• Kwangoko, izithintelo zokuhamba zaziswa eWuhan kunye nakwiPhondo laseHubei, ngokuyimfuneko efuna abantu ukuba bahlale ekhaya.Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wandiswa kwimimandla yonke yase-China kangangexesha elithile, nangona uninzi lwezithintelo ezinjalo, ngaphandle kwezo zase-Wuhan, ziye zathotywa okanye zanyuswa ngokupheleleyo.
• Kukwakho kwangethuba malunga noqhakamshelwano lwezothutho phakathi kwezixeko (kwaye kwezinye iimeko, phakathi kweedolophu neelali) ezijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iindawo ezosulelekileyo zibekwe zodwa kwaye zithintele ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.
• Ngokubalulekileyo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona uWuhan ebandezeleke kakhulu, inani lilonke lamatyala achongiweyo eBeijing naseShanghai (zombini izixeko ezinabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 sisinye) zibe ngama-583 kunye nama-526 ngokulandelelanayo, ukusukela nge-3 ka-Epreli, kutsha nje usulelo oluphantse lwapheliswa gcina inani elincinane labantu abafika bevela phesheya kolwandle (okuthiwa lusulelo olusuka kumazwe angaphandle).

Ukubek'esweni ukosuleleka kunye nokuThintelwa kosulelo

• Abasemagunyeni eShanghai bazise inkqubo efuna ukuba bonke abaphathi bezakhiwo zeofisi bahlole intshukumo yakutshanje yabasebenzi baze bafake isicelo semvume kumntu ngamnye onqwenela ukungena.
• Ulawulo lwezakhiwo zee-ofisi lukwafuneka ukuba lujonge ubushushu bomzimba wabasebenzi yonke imihla kwaye ezi nkqubo zandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwiihotele, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye nezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke - okubalulekileyo, ezi tshekhi zibandakanya ukunika ingxelo kunye nokwazisa (wonke umntu ongena kwisakhiwo kufuneka anike igama lakhe kunye nenombolo yomnxeba njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokubeka iliso lobushushu).
• Oorhulumente bephondo ababandakanya iBeijing kunye neShanghai banikezele igunya elininzi kumabhunga asekuhlaleni, athatha amanyathelo okunyanzelisa amalungiselelo anjalo okuvalelwa kwabantu kwiindawo zokuhlala.
• Phantse zonke izixeko ziye zakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe “ikhowudi yezempilo” (eboniswa kwiimfonomfono eziphathwayo) eveliswe ngokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu (ecingwa ukuba isebenzise inkcazelo eqokelelwe kwiinkqubo zamatikiti kaloliwe naweenqwelo-moya, iinkqubo zesibhedlele, iinkqubo zeofisi nezefektri zokuhlola ubushushu, kwaneminye imithombo).Abantu banikwa ikhowudi, kunye nabo bafunyenwe begula okanye bevezwe kwimimandla eyaziwa ukuba ichatshazelwa kakhulu yintsholongwane efumana ikhowudi ebomvu okanye etyheli (kuxhomekeke kwimithetho yendawo), ngelixa abanye bengabonwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu bafumana eluhlaza. .Ikhowudi eluhlaza ngoku iyafuneka kwiinkqubo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, iindawo zokutyela kunye neevenkile ezinkulu njengelungelo lokungena.I-China ngoku izama ukwakha ilizwe lonke "ikhowudi yezempilo” inkqubo ukwenzela ukuba akufuneki ufake isicelo sekhowudi yesixeko ngasinye.
• E-Wuhan, phantse onke amakhaya atyelelwayo ukuze kuchongwe kwaye ahlukanise usulelo kwaye e-Beijing nase-ofisini yase-Shanghai kunye nabaphathi befektri basebenze ngokusondeleyo nabasemagunyeni basekhaya, bexela amaqondo obushushu abasebenzi kunye nesazisi sabo bafunyenwe begula.

Ukulawula uBuyiselo

I-China iphumeze uluhlu lwamanyathelo aquka oku kulandelayo:-

• Ukuvalelwa - njengoko inani losulelo lehlile, i-China ingenise imithetho engqongqo yokuvalelwa kwabantu ethintele abantu ukuba bangene phesheya e-China kwaye benze abantu baxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokuvalelwa, kutsha nje iintsuku ezili-14 ezinyanzelekileyo zokuvalelwa kwihotele / kwiziko likarhulumente.
• I-China ifune imithetho engqongqo ngokumalunga nengxelo yezempilo kunye nococeko.Bonke abaqeshi bezakhiwo zeofisi eBeijing kufuneka basayine iileta ezithile ezivuma ukuthobela imiyalelo karhulumente kunye nokusebenza ngokusondeleyo neenkampani zolawulo lweofisi, kunye nokufuna ukuba abasebenzi babo bangene kwiileta zokuzibophelela kurhulumente malunga nokuthobela umthetho kunye nezinto ezithile. iimfuno zokunika ingxelo, kunye nesivumelwano sokungasasazwa “inkcazelo yobuxoki” (ebonisa inkxalabo efanayo ngoko kwamanye amazwe kubhekiselwa kuko njengeendaba zobuxoki).
• I-China iphumeze uluhlu lwamanyathelo abandakanya umgama phakathi kwabantu, umzekelo, ukunciphisa inani labantu abanokusebenzisa iindawo zokutyela kwaye ngakumbi ukulawula umgama phakathi kwabantu naphakathi kweetafile.Amanyathelo afanayo ayasebenza kwiiofisi nakwamanye amashishini kwizixeko ezininzi. Abaqeshi baseBeijing bayalelwe ukuba bavumele kuphela i-50% yabasebenzi babo ukuba baye kwindawo abasebenza kuyo, kwaye bonke abanye kufuneka basebenze bekude.
• Nangona i-China sele iqalile ukuthomalalisa izithintelo kwiimyuziyam nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, nangona kunjalo yazisiwe imithetho yokunciphisa inani labantu abafumana ukwamkelwa kunye nokufuna abantu banxibe imaski ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwentsholongwane.Ngokwengxelo, ezinye izinto ezinomtsalane zangaphakathi ziyalelwe ukuba zivale kwakhona emva kokuvulwa kwakhona.
• I-China inikezele uxanduva olukhulu lokuphunyezwa kwamabhunga asekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyanzeliso lwendawo kunye namalungiselelo okuqwalasela ayenziwa kwaye amabhunga asebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neenkampani zolawulo ngokubhekiselele kuzo zombini izakhiwo zeofisi kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ilandelwa ngokungqongqo.

Ukuya phambili

Ukongeza koku kungasentla, i-China yenze inani leengxelo ezijolise ekuncedeni amashishini ukuba aphile ngeli xesha lomngeni kunye nokuzinzisa urhwebo notyalo-mali lwangaphandle.

• I-China ithatha amanyathelo ahlukeneyo enkxaso ukuthambisa impembelelo enkulu ye-COVID-19 kumashishini, kubandakanya nokucela abanini-mhlaba baseburhulumenteni ukuba banciphise okanye bakhulule irenti kunye nokukhuthaza abanini-mhlaba babucala ukuba benze okufanayo.
• Kuye kwaqaliswa amanyathelo akhululayo kunye nokunciphisa imirhumo ye-inshorensi yentlalontle yabaqeshi, kukhululwe i-VAT kubahlawuli berhafu abaphantsi abanefuthe elimandla, kwandiswa elona xesha liphezulu lelahleko ngo-2020 kunye neentsuku zokuhlawulwa kwerhafu kunye ne-inshorensi yoluntu.
• Kubekho iingxelo zakutsha nje ezivela kwiBhunga likarhulumente, i-MOFCOM (iSebe lezoRhwebo) kunye ne-NDRC (iKhomishini yoPhuhliso lweSizwe kunye noHlaziyo) malunga nenjongo yaseTshayina yokwenza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle lube lula (kulindeleke ukuba icandelo lezemali kunye neenqwelo-mafutha ngakumbi liya kuba luncedo. ukusuka koku kuphumla).
• I-China kudala iguqula umthetho wayo wotyalo-mali lwangaphandle.Nangona umgaqo-nkqubo sele uphunyeziwe, imimiselo eyongezelelekileyo malunga nendlela oluchanekileyo oluya kusebenza ngayo olu lawulo lutsha.
• I-China igxininise injongo yayo yokuphelisa iyantlukwano phakathi kweenkampani ezityale imali yangaphandle kunye neenkampani zasekhaya kunye nokuqinisekisa ubulungisa kunye nokuphathwa ngokulinganayo kwimarike yaseChina.
• Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, i-China ithathe indlela eguquguqukayo kwizithintelo ezahlukeneyo ezizibekileyo kumaziko oluntu.Njengoko ivula i-Hubei, kuye kwakho ugxininiso olutsha malunga nesidingo sokulumkisa malunga nemingcipheko ehambelana nezigulana ezingenazimpawu.Yenza iinzame ezintsha zokuphanda umngcipheko ngakumbi kwaye amagosa aphezulu enze iziteyitimenti elumkisa abantu e-Wuhan nakwezinye iindawo ukuba baqhubeke nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko.