Ngokususwa kwezibani ze-incandescent emazweni amaningi, ukwethulwa kwemithombo yokukhanya esekelwe e-LED nezibani ngezinye izikhathi kuphakamisa imibuzo ngomphakathi mayelana nokukhanyisa kwe-LED.Le FAQ iphendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa ekukhanyisweni kwe-LED, imibuzo emayelana nengozi yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbuzo ngezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezisolwayo kanye nemibuzo ekukhanyisweni komgwaqo kwe-LED.

Ingxenye 1: Imibuzo Ejwayelekile

1. Kuyini ukukhanya kwe-LED?

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obusekelwe kuma-diode akhipha ukukhanya.Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obujwayelekile yibo: ukukhanya kwe-incandescent, ukukhanya kwe-halogen, ukukhanyisa kwe-fluorescent kanye nokukhanyisa kokukhishwa okuphezulu.Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kunezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kokukhanyisa okuvamile: Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED konga amandla, kuyafiphala, kuyalawuleka futhi kuyaguquleka.

2. Yini ehlobene izinga lokushisa lombala CCT?

I-Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) isibalo sezibalo esithathwe ku-Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) yomthombo wokukhanya.Ukukhanyisa ngokujwayelekile kanye nokukhanyisa kwe-LED kutholakala emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene emibala.Izinga lokushisa lombala lichazwa ngamadigri Kelvin, ukukhanya okufudumele (okuphuzi) cishe ku-2700K, kuya kokumhlophe okuphakathi nendawo cishe ku-4000K, futhi kuphole (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) okumhlophe cishe ku-6500K noma ngaphezulu.

3. Iyiphi i-CCT engcono?

Akukho okungcono noma okubi ku-CCT, kuhlukile kuphela.Izimo ezehlukene zidinga izixazululo ezihambisana nemvelo.Abantu emhlabeni wonke banokuhlukahluka komuntu siqu namasiko.

4. Iyiphi i-CCT engokwemvelo?

Ukukhanya kwemini cishe ku-6500K kanti ukukhanya kwenyanga kucishe kube ngu-4000K.Kokubili izinga lokushisa lombala wemvelo kakhulu, ngalinye ngesikhathi salo sasemini noma sasebusuku.

5. Ingabe ukhona umehluko ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla e-CCT ehlukene?

Umehluko wokonga amandla phakathi kwamazinga okushisa ombala opholile nafudumele mancane uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kahle okubalulekile okutholwe ngokusuka ekukhanyeni okuvamile kuya ekukhanyeni kwe-LED.

6. Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela ukubenyezela okungaphatheki kahle?

Imithombo emincane yokukhanya ekhanyayo ingase ibonakale icwebezela kunezindawo ezinkulu ezikhanyisiwe.Izibani ze-LED ezinama-optics afanelekile aklanyelwe uhlelo lokusebenza azibangeli ukukhanya okuningi kunezinye izibani.

Ingxenye 2: Imibuzo Ngengozi Yokukhanya Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

7. Iyini ingozi yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

I-IEC ichaza ubungozi bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 'njengamandla okulimala kwe-retina okubangwa yisithombe ngenxa yokuchayeka emisebeni kagesi kumaza wamaza ngokuyinhloko phakathi kuka-400 no-500 nm.'Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhanya, noma ngabe kungokwemvelo noma okokwenziwa, kungaba nomthelela emehlweni.Lapho amehlo ethu echayeke emthonjeni wokukhanya onamandla isikhathi eside, ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-spectrum ingalimaza ingxenye ye-retina.Ukubuka ukusitheka kwelanga isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwamehlo kuyindaba eyaziwayo.Lokhu kwenzeka kuyaqabukela, njengoba abantu besebenzisa indlela yemvelo yokubuka kude nemithombo yokukhanya ekhanyayo futhi bazogwema amehlo abo.Izinto ezinqumayo zenani lomonakalo we-photochemical we-retina zisekelwe ekukhanyeni komthombo wokukhanya, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-spectral kanye nobude besikhathi ukuchayeka okwenzeke ngaso.

8. Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kukhiqiza ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuluhlaza ngaphezu kokunye ukukhanya?

Izibani ze-LED azikhiqizi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwedlulele kunezinye izinhlobo zezibani zokushisa okufanayo kombala.Umqondo wokuthi izibani ze-LED zikhipha amazinga ayingozi okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuwukungaqondi kahle.Lapho yethulwa okokuqala, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-LED yayivame ukuba nokushisa kombala opholile.Abanye baye baphetha ngephutha ukuthi lokhu kwakuyisici esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-LED.Namuhla, amalambu e-LED atholakala kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa anemibala, kusukela kokumhlophe okufudumele kuya kokuphole, futhi aphephile ukusetshenziselwa injongo abeklanyelwe yona.Imikhiqizo eyenziwe amalungu e-Lighting Europe ithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zase-Europe.

9. Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuphepha ezisebenza emisebeni evela emithonjeni yokukhanya e-EU?

I-General Product Safety Directive 2001/95/EC kanye ne-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU idinga njengezimiso zokuphepha ukuthi ngemithombo yokukhanya nezibani kungabikho ingozi evela emisebeni engenzeka.E-Europe, i-EN 62471 iyindinganiso yokuphepha komkhiqizo yamalambu nezinhlelo zamalambu futhi ivunyelaniswa ngaphansi kweziqondiso zokuphepha zase-Europe EN 62471, esekelwe ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe le-IEC 62471, ihlukanisa imithombo yokukhanya ibe Amaqembu Engozi 0, 1, 2 kanye no-3 ( ukusuka ku-0 = akukho bungozi kuye ku-3 = ubungozi obukhulu) futhi inikeza izexwayiso nezixwayiso kubathengi uma kudingeka.Imikhiqizo yabathengi ejwayelekile isezigabeni eziphansi kakhulu zobungozi futhi iphephile ukusetshenziswa.

10.Kufanele kunqunywe kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu eliyingozi Lengozi Yokukhanya Okuluhlaza?

Umbhalo we-IEC TR 62778 unikeza isiqondiso sendlela yokunquma ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu eliyingozi lemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa.Iphinde inikeze isiqondiso sendlela yokunquma ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu eliyingozi lezingxenye zokukhanyisa, njengama-LED namamojula e-LED kanye nokuthi lokho kuhlukaniswa kweqembu eliyingozi kungadluliselwa kanjani emkhiqizweni wokugcina.Ukwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola umkhiqizo wokugcina ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sezingxenye zawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezilinganiso ezengeziwe.

11.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kuba yingozi empilweni yonke ngenxa yokuguga kwe-phosphor?

Izindinganiso zokuphepha zaseYurophu zihlukanisa imikhiqizo ngezigaba zobungozi.Imikhiqizo yabathengi ejwayelekile isesigabeni sobungozi obuphansi kakhulu.Ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu engcuphe akushintshile LIGHTINGEUROPE IKHASI 3 KWA-5 impilo yonke yomkhiqizo.Ngaphandle kwalokho, nakuba i-phosphor ephuzi ilulaza, inani lokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka elivela kumkhiqizo we-LED ngeke lishintshe.Akulindelekile ukuthi inani eliphelele lokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elikhishwa ku-LED lizokhuphuka ngenxa yokonakala empilweni ye-phosphor ephuzi.Ubungozi bezithombe zebhayoloji ngeke bunyuke budlule ubungozi obusungulwe ekuqaleni komjikelezo wempilo womkhiqizo.

12.Ibaphi abantu abazwela kakhulu kubungozi bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Iso lengane lizwela kakhulu kuneso lomuntu omdala.Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa esetshenziswa ezindlini, emahhovisi, ezitolo nasezikoleni ayikhiqizi amazinga anamandla nayingozi okukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Lokhu kungashiwo ngobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, njenge-LED-, i-compact noma i-linear fluorescent- noma izibani ze-halogen noma izibani.Izibani ze-LED azikhiqizi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwedlulele kunezinye izinhlobo zezibani zokushisa okufanayo kombala.Abantu abanokuzwela kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (okufana ne-lupus) kufanele baxhumane nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ukuze bathole isiqondiso esikhethekile mayelana nokukhanyisa.

13.Ingabe konke ukukhanya okuluhlaza kukubi kuwe?

Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubalulekile empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yethu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesikhathi sasemini.Kodwa-ke, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ulale kuzokugcina uphapheme.Ngakho-ke, konke kuyindaba yokuba nokukhanya okufanele, endaweni efanele nangesikhathi esifanele.

Ingxenye 3: Imibuzo kwezinye izindaba zezempilo okusolakala ukuthi zizo

14.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kunomthelela esigqini se-circadian sabantu?

Konke ukukhanyisa kungasekela noma kuphazamise isigqi se-circadian sabantu, uma sisetshenziswa ngokulungile noma okungalungile ngokulandelana.Kuyindaba yokuba nokukhanya okufanele, endaweni efanele nangesikhathi esifanele.

15.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela izinkinga zokulala?

Konke ukukhanyisa kungasekela noma kuphazamise isigqi se-circadian sabantu, uma sisetshenziswa ngokulungile noma okungalungile ngokulandelana.Kulokhu, ukuba nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu ngaphambi kokulala, kuzokugcina uphapheme.Ngakho-ke kuyindaba yokulinganisa ibhalansi phakathi kokukhanya okufanele, endaweni efanele nangesikhathi esifanele.

16.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela ukukhathala noma ubuhlungu bekhanda?

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kusabela ngokushesha ekuhlukeni kokunikezwa kukagesi.Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungaba nezimpande eziningi, njengomthombo wokukhanya, umshayeli, i-dimmer, ukushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi wamapayipi.Izinguquko ezingadingeki zokukhipha ukukhanya zibizwa ngokuthi ama-artefacts wokukhanya wesikhashana: flicker kanye nomphumela we-stroboscopic.Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kwekhwalithi ephansi kungase kubangele amazinga angamukeleki okucwayiza kanye nomphumela we-stroboscopic ongase ubangele ukukhathala nekhanda elibuhlungu nezinye izinkinga zezempilo.Izibani ze-LED zekhwalithi ehloniphekile azinayo le nkinga.

17.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED kubangela umdlavuza?

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuqukethe imisebe ye-UV-A kanye ne-UV-B futhi kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UV kungadala ukushiswa yilanga ngisho nomdlavuza wesikhumba uma kutholwe imisebe eminingi kakhulu.Abantu bazivikela ngokugqoka izingubo, ukusebenzisa okhilimu belanga noma ukuhlala emthunzini.I-LIGHTINGEUROPE IKHASI 4 KWA-5 Izindinganiso zokuphepha njengoba zishiwo ngenhla ziqukethe nemikhawulo yemisebe ye-UV evela ekukhanyeni okuzenzela.Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngamalungu e-LightingEurope ithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha zase-Europe ezisebenzayo.Ukukhanyisa okuningi kwe-LED ngezinjongo zokukhanyisa okuvamile akuqukethe imisebe ye-UV.Kunemikhiqizo embalwa ye-LED emakethe esebenzisa ama-LED e-UV njengobude bawo bephampu obuyinhloko (obufana namalambu e-fluorescent).Le mikhiqizo kufanele ihlolwe kuqhathaniswa nomkhawulo.Abukho ubufakazi besayensi obukhombisa imisebe ngaphandle kwe-UV ebangela noma yimuphi umdlavuza.Kukhona ucwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi abasebenzi bamashifu banengozi eyengeziwe yokuba nomdlavuza ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesigqi sabo sokujikeleza.Ukukhanyisa okusetshenziswa uma usebenza ebusuku akusona isizathu sokwanda kwengozi, kumane nje kuwukuhlobana ngoba abantu abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ebumnyameni.

Ingxenye 4: Imibuzo ekukhanyisweni komgwaqo kwe-LED

18.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kuyawushintsha umkhathi wendawo ekhanyisiwe?

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED emgwaqweni kuyatholakala kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa embala, kusukela ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okufudumele, ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okungathathi hlangothi nokukhanya okumhlophe okupholile.Kuye ngokukhanya kwangaphambilini (ngokukhanya okuvamile) abantu bangase bajwayele izinga lokushisa elithile lombala futhi ngaleyo ndlela baqaphele umehluko lapho kufakwa ukukhanya kwe-LED kwesinye isimo sokushisa sombala.Ungagcina isimo esikhona ngokukhetha i-CCT efanayo.Umkhathi ungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngomklamo wokukhanyisa ofanele.

19.Kuyini ukungcoliswa kokukhanya?

Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya igama elibanzi elibhekisela ezinkingeni eziningi, zonke ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle, okungakhangi, noma (okuphikisayo) ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kokukhanya kokwenziwa.Izigaba ezithile zokungcoliswa kokukhanya zifaka ukungena kokungena kokukhanya, ukukhanya okukhulu, ukuxhopha, imfuhlumfuhlu yokukhanya, nokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka.Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kuwumphumela omkhulu wokufudukela emadolobheni.

20.Ingabe ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kubangela ukungcoliswa kokukhanya okwengeziwe kunokunye ukukhanyisa?

Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED akuholeli ekungcoleni kokukhanya okwengeziwe, hhayi lapho uhlelo lokukhanyisa luklanywe kahle.Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma usebenzisa izibani zomgwaqo ze-LED eziklanywe kahle ungaqiniseka ukuthi ulawula ngempumelelo ukuhlakazeka nokuxhopha kuyilapho unomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ekwehliseni ukukhanya kwe-engeli ephezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kokukhanya.Ama-optics afanelekile wokukhanyisa emgwaqweni we-LED azoqondisa ukukhanya kuphela endaweni lapho kudingeka khona hhayi kwezinye izinkomba.Ukufiphala kwezibani zasemgwaqweni ze-LED uma isiminyaminya siphansi (phakathi nobusuku) kunciphisa ukungcola kokukhanya.Ngakho-ke, ukukhanyisa okuklanywe kahle komgwaqo we-LED kubangela ukungcoliswa kokukhanya okuncane.

21.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kubangela izinkinga zokulala?

Umthelela ophazamisayo wokukhanya ekulaleni uncike kakhulu enanini lokukhanya, isikhathi, kanye nobude besikhathi sokuchayeka kokukhanya.Ukukhanya kokukhanya komgwaqo okujwayelekile kungama-40 lux ezingeni lomgwaqo.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhanya okuvamile komuntu okukhiqizwa ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuphansi kakhulu ukuthi kuthinte amazinga e-hormone alawula ukuziphatha kwethu kokulala.

22.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kubangela izinkinga zokulala uma ulala ekamelweni lakho?

Ukukhanya kokukhanya komgwaqo okujwayelekile kungama-40 lux ezingeni lomgwaqo.Amazinga okukhanya okukhanyisa emgwaqweni angena ekamelweni lakho ayancipha uma uvala amakhethini akho.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-LIGHTINGEUROPE evaliwe IKHASI 5 KWAMAjwabu amehlo angu-5 azophinde anciphise ukukhanya okufinyelela esweni okungenani ngo-98%.Ngakho-ke, lapho silala namakhethini ethu namehlo evaliwe, ukukhanya okukhiqizwa ukukhanya komgwaqo we-LED kuphansi kakhulu ukuthi kungathinta amazinga e-hormone alawula ukuziphatha kwethu kokulala.

23.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-circadian?

Cha. Uma kuklanywe kahle futhi kusetshenziswe kahle, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuzohlinzeka ngezinzuzo zako futhi ungakwazi ukugwema imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona.

24.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kubangela ukwanda kwengozi yezempilo kwabahamba ngezinyawo?

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED emgwaqweni akubangeli ingozi yezempilo eyengeziwe kubahamba ngezinyawo uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yokukhanya.I-LED nezinye izinhlobo zamalambu asemgwaqweni zidala ukuphepha okwengeziwe kwabahamba ngezinyawo njengoba abashayeli bezimoto bejwayele ukubabona abahamba ngezinyawo ngesikhathi esibenza bagweme izingozi.

25.Ingabe ukukhanya kwe-LED emgwaqweni kubangela ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza kwabahamba ngezinyawo?

Akukho okukhombisa ukuthi i-LED noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokukhanyisa emgwaqweni lungabangela noma iyiphi ingozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza kubahamba ngezinyawo.Amandla okukhanya atholwa abahamba ngezinyawo ekukhanyeni okuvamile komgwaqo aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuchayeka esijwayelekile naso sifushane.