Igciwane le-COVID-19 lahlonzwa okokuqala e-China ngoDisemba 2019, yize izinga lenkinga livele labonakala ngesikhathi seHolide Lonyaka Omusha WaseShayina ekupheleni kukaJanuwari.Kusukela lapho umhlaba ububhekile ngokukhathazeka okwandayo njengoba leli gciwane lisabalala.Muva nje, ukugxilwa kokunaka sekusukile eChina futhi kunokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nesilinganiso sokutheleleka eYurophu, e-United States nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Kube nokho izindaba ezikhuthazayo ezivela eChina njengoba isibalo samacala amasha sehle kakhulu kangangokuthi iziphathimandla sezivule izingxenye ezinkulu zesifundazwe saseHubei okuze kube manje ebezilokhu zivaliwe futhi zihlela ukuvula kakhulu idolobha. eWuhan ngomhlaka-8 Ephreli.Abaholi bamabhizinisi bamazwe ngamazwe bayaqaphela ukuthi iChina isezingeni elihlukile emjikelezweni wobhubhane we-COVID-19 uma kuqhathaniswa neminye iminotho eminingi emikhulu.Lokhu kuboniswe kamuva ngabalandelayo:

• Umhlaka-19 Mashi bekuwusuku lokuqala selokhu kwaqubuka le nkinga lapho iChina yabika ukuthi akukho zifo ezintsha, ngaphandle kwamacala abandakanya abantu abavela emadolobheni angaphandle kwe-PRC futhi yize kusaqhubeka nokubikwa kwezigameko zokutheleleka, amanani asalokhu ephansi.
• I-Apple yamemezela ngomhlaka-13 Mashi ukuthi izovala zonke izitolo zayo emhlabeni wonke okwesikhashana ngaphandle kwalezo eziseChina enkulu - lokhu kwalandelwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva umenzi wamathoyizi u-LEGO ememezela ngokufanayo ukuthi bazovala zonke izitolo zayo emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kwalezo eziku-PRC.
• I-Disney ivale amapaki ayo etimu e-United States naseYurophu kodwa ivula kabusha ipaki yayo eShanghai njengengxenye “ukuphinda kuvulwe ngezigaba.”

Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, i-WHO yahlola inqubekela phambili e-China okubandakanya eWuhan kanye noDkt. Gauden Galea, ummeleli wayo lapho, uthe i-COVID-19 “wubhadane oluye lwaqedwa njengoba lwalukhula futhi lwanqamuka emikhondweni yalo.Lokhu kucace kakhulu emininingwaneni esinayo kanye nasekuqapheleni esingakubona emphakathini uwonke (UN News ecashunwe ngoMgqibelo mhla ziyi-14 kuNdasa)”.

Osomabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke bazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi ukuphathwa kwegciwane le-COVID-19 kuyinkimbinkimbi.Izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo zidinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kuhlelwa umthelela ongase ube khona kanye namathuba angaba khona okunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ukusabalala kwawo.Uma kubhekwa intuthuko yakamuva e-China, abaningi emphakathini wamabhizinisi (ikakhulukazi labo abanentshisekelo e-China) bafuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nolwazi lwase-China.

Ngokusobala akuzona zonke izinyathelo ezithathwe yi-China ezizofaneleka kwamanye amazwe futhi izimo nezici eziningi zizothinta indlela ekhethwayo.Okulandelayo kuveza ezinye zezinyathelo ezithathwe ku-PRC.

Impendulo EphuthumayoUmthetho

• I-China isungule uhlelo lwesixwayiso kusenesikhathi sesigameko esiphuthumayo ngaphansi koMthetho Wezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo we-PRC, okuvumela ohulumeni basekhaya ukuthi bakhiphe izexwayiso eziphuthumayo okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezikhombisi-ndlela eziqondiwe nama-oda.

• Bonke ohulumeni bezifundazwe bakhiphe izimpendulo zeLevel-1 ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari (izinga lokuqala liphakeme kunawo wonke amazinga amane ezimo eziphuthumayo atholakalayo), okwanikeza izizathu ezingokomthetho zokuba bathathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo njengokuvalwa, noma imingcele ekusetshenzisweni kwezindawo okungenzeka bathintwe inkinga ye-COVID-19 (okuhlanganisa nokuvalwa kwezindawo zokudlela noma izimfuneko lapho amabhizinisi anjalo ahlinzeka ngokudiliva noma isevisi ye-takeway kuphela);ukulawula noma ukunciphisa imisebenzi engase ibangele ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane (ukuvalwa kwezindawo zokuzivocavoca kanye nokusulwa kwemihlangano emikhulu nezinkomfa);ukuyala amathimba wokuhlenga ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nabasebenzi ukuthi batholakale futhi kwabiwe izinsiza kanye nempahla yokusebenza.
• Amadolobha afana neShanghai neBeijing nawo akhiphe umhlahlandlela mayelana nokuqalwa kabusha kwebhizinisi ngamahhovisi nezimboni.Isibonelo, iBeijing iyaqhubeka nokudinga ukusebenza kude, ukulawulwa kokuminyana kwabantu emsebenzini kanye nemikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwamakheshi namakheshi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zidingo ziye zabuyekezwa kaningi, futhi zaqiniswa lapho kudingeka kodwa futhi kancane kancane zancishiswa lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo kuvunyelwe.IBeijing neShanghai bobabili babone izitolo eziningi, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezindawo zokudlela zivulwa kabusha futhi eShanghai nakwamanye amadolobha, izindawo zokuzijabulisa nezokungcebeleka seziphinde zavulwa, yize zonke zingaphansi kwemithetho yokuncishiswa komphakathi, njengemikhawulo enanini lezivakashi ezivunyelwe ukungena eminyuziyamu.

Ukuvala Ibhizinisi Nezimboni

Iziphathimandla zaseShayina zavala iWuhan ngoJanuwari 23 futhi ngemuva kwalokho cishe wonke amanye amadolobha aseSifundazweni saseHubei.Esikhathini esilandela uNyaka Omusha WaseShayina, ba:

• Kwengezwe iHolide Lonyaka Omusha WaseShayina ezweni lonke kuze kube umhla zi-2 kuFebhuwari, nasemadolobheni athile, okuhlanganisa neShanghai, kuze kube umhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlolanja, ukuze kuvinjelwe inani labantu elibuyela emadolobheni amakhulu ngamabhasi aminyene, izitimela nezindiza.Lokhu mhlawumbe kwakuyisinyathelo ekuthuthukisweni kweukuziqhelelanisa nomphakathi.
• Iziphathimandla zaseShayina zashesha zabeka izidingo maqondana namalungiselelo okubuyela emsebenzini, zikhuthaza abantu ukuthi basebenze bekude futhi bacele abantu ukuthi bazimele bodwa izinsuku eziyi-14 (lokhu bekuyimpoqo eShanghai kodwa, ekuqaleni, kwakuyisincomo kuphela eBeijing ngaphandle kwanoma ngubani waya esiFundazweni saseHubei).
• Inqwaba yezindawo zomphakathi okubalwa kuzo izindawo zokugcina amagugu kanye namabhizinisi ezokungcebeleka ahlukene njengamacinema, izindawo zokuzijabulisa zavalwa ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ekuqaleni kweholidi, nakuba ezinye sezivunyelwe ukuthi zivulwe kabusha njengoba izimo ziba ngcono.
• Abantu bekumele bagqoke izifihla-buso kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi okuhlanganisa nezitimela ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, ezinxanxatheleni zezitolo nezakhiweni zamahhovisi.

Imikhawulo ekuhambeni

• Ekuqaleni, imingcele yokunyakaza yethulwa eWuhan kanye nengxenye enkulu yesiFundazwe saseHubei, okudinga ukuthi abantu bahlale ekhaya.Le nqubomgomo yanwetshwa ezifundeni kulo lonke elase-China isikhathi esithile, yize imikhawulo eminingi enjalo, ngaphandle kwaleyo ese-Wuhan, yehlisiwe noma yasuswa ngokuphelele.
• Kuphinde kwaba nesinyathelo sangaphambi kwesikhathi mayelana nezixhumanisi zokuhamba phakathi kwamadolobha (futhi kwezinye izimo, phakathi kwamadolobhana namadolobhana) okuhloswe ngaso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezinegciwane zihlukaniswa zodwa futhi kunqandwe ukusakazeka kwaleli gciwane.
• Ngokuphawulekayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba uWuhan ehlupheke kakhulu, isibalo samacala ahlonzwe eBeijing naseShanghai (womabili amadolobha anabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 lilinye) abengama-583 kanye nama-526 ngokulandelana, kusukela ngomhlaka-3 Ephreli, okusha okusha. izifo esezicishe zaqedwa londoloza inani elincane labantu abafika bevela phesheya kwezilwandle (okubizwa ngokuthi izifo ezingenisiwe).

Ukuqapha Amagciwane kanye Nokuvimbela Ukutheleleka Okuphambanayo

• Iziphathimandla zaseShanghai zethule uhlelo oludinga ukuthi bonke abaphathi bezakhiwo zamahhovisi bahlole ukunyakaza kwakamuva kwabasebenzi futhi bafake isicelo sokugunyazwa kumuntu ngamunye ofisa ukungena.
• Abaphathi bezakhiwo zamahhovisi baphinde badingeka ukuthi bahlole izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabasebenzi nsuku zonke futhi lezi zinqubo zanwetshwa ngokushesha emahhotela, ezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi - ngokuphawulekayo, lokhu kuhlola kuhilele ukubika nokudalula (wonke umuntu ongena esakhiweni kudingeka anikeze igama lakhe kanye nenombolo yocingo njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlola izinga lokushisa).
• Ohulumeni bezifundazwe okubandakanya iBeijing neShanghai banikeze igunya elikhulu emikhandlwini yendawo, eyathatha izinyathelo zokuphoqelela lezi zinhlelo zokuvalelwa kwabantu ezindaweni zokuhlala.
• Cishe wonke amadolobha akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwe-“ikhodi yezempilo” (ekhonjiswa kumaselula) ekhiqizwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu (okucatshangwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ulwazi oluqoqwe ezinhlelweni zamathikithi kaloliwe nawendiza, amasistimu ezibhedlela, izinqubo zokuhlola izinga lokushisa lasehhovisi kanye nefekthri, kanye neminye imithombo).Abantu banikezwa ikhodi, lapho labo abatholakala begula noma bechayeka ezifundeni ezaziwa ukuthi zithinteke kakhulu igciwane bathola ikhodi ebomvu noma ephuzi (kuye ngemithetho yendawo), kuyilapho abanye abangabhekwa njengabasengozini enkulu bathola ikhodi eluhlaza. .Ikhodi eluhlaza manje iyadingeka yizinhlelo zezokuthutha zomphakathi, izindawo zokudlela nezitolo ezinkulu njengendlela yokungena.I-China manje izama ukwakha izwe lonke "ikhodi yezempilo” uhlelo ukuze ungadingi ukufaka isicelo sekhodi yedolobha ngalinye.
• E-Wuhan, cishe yonke imizi yavakashelwa ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlukaniswe izifo futhi ehhovisi laseBeijing naseShanghai nabaphathi befekthri basebenze eduze neziphathimandla zendawo, bebika amazinga okushisa ezisebenzi kanye nobunikazi balabo abatholakala begula.

Ukuphatha Ukubuyisela

I-China isebenzise inqwaba yezinyathelo ezifake lokhu okulandelayo:-

• Ukuvalelwa - njengoba isibalo sezifo sehlile, iChina yethule imithetho eqinile yokuvalelwa kwabantu evimbe abantu ukuthi bangene phesheya eChina futhi yenze abantu baba ngaphansi kwezidingo zokuvalelwa bodwa, muva nje ukuvalelwa ngempoqo kwezinsuku eziyi-14 ehhotela/esikhungweni sikahulumeni.
• I-China idinga imithetho eqinile ngokuya ngokubikwa kwezempilo kanye nenhlanzeko.Bonke abaqashi bezakhiwo zamahhovisi e-Beijing badinga ukusayina izincwadi ezithile ezivuma ukuthobela iziqondiso zikahulumeni futhi basebenzisane nezinkampani eziphethe amahhovisi, futhi bafune ukuthi abasebenzi babo babhale izincwadi zokuzibophezela ezivuna uhulumeni mayelana nokuhambisana nomthetho nokunye. izimfuneko zokubika, kanye nesivumelwano sokungasakazwa “ukwaziswa okungamanga” (okubonisa ukukhathazeka okufanayo ngalokho kwamanye amazwe okubizwa ngokuthi izindaba ezingamanga).
• I-China isebenzise uhla lwezinyathelo ezihlanganisa ukuqhelelana komphakathi, isb ukukhawulela inani labantu abangasebenzisa izindawo zokudlela futhi ikakhulukazi ukulawula ibanga phakathi kwabantu naphakathi kwamatafula.Izinyathelo ezifanayo ziyasebenza emahhovisi nakwamanye amabhizinisi emadolobheni amaningi.
• Yize iChina isiqalile ukudambisa imingcele eminyuziyamu nezindawo zomphakathi, imithethonqubo isethulwe nokho ukuze inciphise isibalo sabantu abamukelwayo futhi ifune ukuthi abantu bagqoke imaski ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane.Kubikwa ukuthi ezinye izindawo ezikhangayo zasendlini ziyalelwe ukuthi zivalwe futhi ngemuva kokuphinda zivulwe.
• I-China idlulisele umthwalo omkhulu wokusetshenziswa emikhandlwini yendawo ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zokuphoqelela nokuqaphela ziyenziwa nokuthi imikhandlu isebenzisane eduze nezinkampani zabaphathi maqondana nezakhiwo zamahhovisi kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imithetho ilandelwa ngokuqinile.

Qhubekela phambili

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, i-China yenze izitatimende eziningi ezihloselwe ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi aphile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esiyinselele kanye nokusimamisa ezohwebo nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.

• I-China ithatha izinyathelo ezehlukene zokusekela ukuze kudambise umthelela omkhulu we-COVID-19 emabhizinisini, okuhlanganisa nokucela abanikazi bezindawo ezingaphansi kukahulumeni ukuthi banciphise noma bakhulule irenti futhi bakhuthaze abanikazi bezindlu ezizimele ukuthi benze okufanayo.
• Kuye kwethulwa izinyathelo ezikhulula futhi zokunciphisa iminikelo yomshwalense wezenhlalakahle yabaqashi, ikhululwe i-VAT kubakhokhi bentela abancane abathinteke kakhulu, ukwelula isikhathi esiphezulu sokulahlekelwa ngo-2020 kanye nezinsuku zokuhoxiswa kwentela nezomshwalense womphakathi.
• Kube nezitatimende zakamuva ezivela kuMkhandlu Kazwelonke, i-MOFCOM (uMnyango Wezohwebo) kanye ne-NDRC (iKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko) mayelana nenhloso yeShayina yokwenza utshalomali lwangaphandle lube lula (kulindeleke ukuthi ikakhulukazi imboni yezezimali neyezimoto izohlomula. kusuka kulokhu kuphumula).
• I-China isinesikhathi iguqula umthetho wayo wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.Nakuba lolu hlaka seluphasisiwe, eminye imithetho enemininingwane yokuthi uhlelo olusha luzosebenza kanjani kulindeleke.
• I-China igcizelele inhloso yayo yokuqeda umehluko phakathi kwezinkampani ezitshalwe imali kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinkampani zasekhaya kanye nokuqinisekisa ubulungisa nokuphathwa ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yaseChina.
• Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-China ithathe indlela eguquguqukayo emikhawulweni ehlukahlukene eyibekile ezikhungweni zabantu.Njengoba ivula i-Hubei, sekube nokugxila okusha mayelana nesidingo sokuqapha ngobungozi obuhambisana neziguli ezi-asymptomatic.Lenza imizamo emisha yokucwaninga ngobungozi futhi izikhulu eziphezulu zenze izitatimende ezixwayisa abantu baseWuhan nakwezinye izindawo ukuthi baqhubeke nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha.